CHANGES IN TRAWLING VESSELS. 71 



what steadied during the motion of the ship, though, as the 

 cod will have a roof to rub against as well as walls, injuries 

 may readily occur. The water is driven in during the voyage, 

 rises to the surface of the well, and overflows by an opening in 

 the side of the ship. A constant current is thus kept up. A 

 grating at one end (the lower) permits the removal of refuse 

 from the bottom of the well. While the cod swim freely in the 

 tank, the halibut are tied, as usual, by the tail to the iron rail 

 at the margin. The vessel has been specially fitted for the 

 capture of these by hook and line ; and at present no trawl is 

 aboard, though such can be shipped at any time, and the 

 newest apparatus {e.g., steam- winch and Sudron s patent dandy- 

 score) is in readiness. The foremast has a derrick-boom, and 

 the anchor- winch is worked by steam. The boat rests on a 

 swivel-stock on the port bow, and is inteuded to be used as an 

 accessory well. The cabins for the crew (viz., captain, two 

 engineers, and nine men) are at the stern, while in the high 

 bow is a store, and behind a convenient hold for fixing the 

 bait (herring). An ice-house, fish-hold, and all the newest 

 fittings in the engine-room and other parts show the care that 

 has been bestowed on the construction of the vessel. The con- 

 sumption of coal is estimated at 3 tons daily. 



Ships similar to the foregoing have been employed for some 

 years at Grimsby for line-fishing in Iceland, but several im- 

 provements have been introduced in the new ship. Moreover, 

 when required it can also be used as a trawler. 



Recently a new form of traw ling-apparatus has been intro- 

 duced chiefly by the line-boats though likewise by a few 

 trawlers. This consists, in the line-boats of a seine-net of 

 about 160 — 180 yards, and about 6 yards deep, in the Clyde 

 5 yards deep, made of stout cord (No. 14 twine), the mesh 

 being about 8 inches long, — having a rope at the top with corks 

 and a rope at the bottom, pieces of leaden pipe being placed 

 on the latter at intervals of 6 feet. The centre of the net has 

 a bag about 20 feet long, and about 12 feet at the aperture, 

 the mesh of which is smaller — -with a 'cod '-end for opening. 

 A float is attached to one end, and the net is thrown out in a 

 straight line for nearly three-fourths of the length, when the 



