Brill and Agcaoili: Philippine Beeswax 

 Table II. — Constants for Japanese and Korean beeswaxes. 



17 





Japanese. 



Korean. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Average. 



Maximum. 



Minimum. 



Average. 



Specific gravity at 100 



oC. 



Melting point oC. 



Saponification value 



Acid value 



0.8207 



66.5 

 103.34 

 8.19 

 96.14 



0.8135 



64.9 

 86.35 

 5.61 

 80.45 



0.8160 



65.9 



89.85 



6.40 



83.44 



0.8358 



65.0 

 87.72 

 7.70 

 87.98 

 17.63 

 12.93 



0.8090 



65.0 

 79.24 

 4.46 

 74.23 

 10.23 

 10.04 



0.8229 



65.6 

 84.56 

 5.85 

 78.71 

 13.45 

 11.41 



Ester value 



Ratio munber 



Iodine value (Wijs) 



14.14 



10.18 



12.27 



A study of the average values of the constants of Tables I 

 and II brings out the fact that they differ somewhat, namely, 

 the specific gravities are not comparable since they have been 

 determined at different temperatures; the melting points run 

 63.2, 65.9, and 65.6, respectively, for the Philippine, Japanese, 

 and Korean products; the saponification values are 101.7, 89.85, 

 and 84.56 in the above order; the acid values 6.8, 6.4, and 5.85 

 in the same order; the ester values 94.8, 83.44, and 78.71 in 

 the same order; and the ratio numbers 13.9 and 13.45, respec- 

 tively, for the Philippine and Japanese waxes. The unsaponi- 

 fiable portion for the Philippine product averages 55.7 per cent, 

 which is somewhat higher than 52.38 per cent, the value given 

 by Allen and Thomson * for beeswax. The clouding point has 

 been included. This value was determined according to the di- 

 rections of Salamon and Seaber.^ The authors saponify 1 gram 

 of wax for one hour with 20 cubic centimeters of N/4 alcoholic 

 potash. The flame is then removed, a thermometer inserted, 

 and the liquid stirred continuously until the solution becomes 

 cloudy. The end point is sharp and constant. In the case of 

 pure waxes the cloudiness is followed by the immediate appear- 

 ance of a flocculent precipitate; with adulterated samples the 

 clouding is gradual and flocculation does not occur until a lower 

 temperature is reached. Under the above conditions they assert 

 that genuine beeswax of the European type (acid value 17 to 

 20, ester value 68 to 78, a definition including many African 

 samples) clouds at 60 ± 0.5° C, and that East Indian (includ- 

 ing Chinese) beeswaxes cloud at 56.5 ± 0.5° C. As little as 

 5 per cent of paraflnin wax (melting point 50° to 60° C.) raises 

 the clouding point of European waxes to 64° and East Indian 



^Chem. News (1881), 43, 267. 



' Jowrn. Soc. Chem. Ind. (1915), 34, 461. 



139471 2 



