110 



The Philippine Journal of Science 



1916 



Table VII. — Variation in quality of water. Addition: 2 parts of available 

 chlorine {from chloride of lime) per million parts of water. 



[Results expressed as parts per million.] 



Age of water in days. 



Pool I.« 



Pool II. b 



Pool III.c 



1 



Chlo- 

 rides 

 (CI). 



Oxygen 



con- 

 sumed 

 (O). 



Tur- 

 bidity. 



Chlo- 

 rides 

 (CI). 



Oxygen 



con- 

 sumed 

 (O). 



Chlo- 

 rides 

 (CI). 



Oxygen 



con- 

 sumed 

 (O). 



Tur- 

 bidity. 



16.0 

 10.1 

 10.1 

 12.5 

 12.9 

 10.5 



Total 

 solids. 



155 

 164 

 167 

 160 

 162 

 170 



1 - 



4.9 

 6.8 

 6.3 

 6.8 

 7.1 

 7.2 



0.99 

 1.31 

 1.54 

 1.90 

 1.34 

 1.30 



13 



15 



10 



10.5 



13.5 



5.3 

 5.4 

 5.5 

 5.8 

 6.1 

 6.2 



1.21 

 2.23 

 1.52 

 1.51 

 1.44 

 1.84 



6.0 

 7.2 

 7.9 

 7.9 

 7.7 

 7.6 



1.49 

 1.56 

 1.72 

 1.78 

 1.86 

 1.46 



2 



3 



4 



5 



6 





8 Average temperature, 28.0° C. Total bathers, 295. 

 '*' Average temperature, 27.5° C. Total bathers, 204. 

 "^ Average temperature, 28.5° C. Total bathers, 80. 



When water was left untreated in the local swimming pools, 

 the bacterial count invariably reached enormous figures about the 

 second day, and organisms of the B. coli group were practically 

 always to be found in 1 cubic centimeter water samples after the 

 first day. The usual chemical analyses gave little indication of 

 this state of affairs (Table II). A slight sedimentation occurred 

 during the first day or two in which the water was used, leading 

 to a decreased turbidity and corresponding fluctuations in oxygen 

 consumption and chloride content. Differences during the week 

 in total solids and alkalinity, if any, were too slight to be of sig- 

 nificance; neither chlorides nor oxygen consumed showed the 

 steady increase which might have been expected ; turbidity, after 

 the initial drop, remained practically constant. 



The use of copper sulphate as a disinfectant both for public 

 water supplies and for swimming pools has frequently been rec- 

 ommended.^ For example, Thomas,* in a recent article, showed 

 that a greater degree of bacterial purification had been effected 

 in a swimming pool with daily additions of 0.4 part per million 

 of copper sulphate than had previously been accomplished with 

 a single addition of 2.5 parts per million of "hypochlorite" [0.8 

 (?) part of available chlorine], and concluded that the copper 

 sulphate method was cheaper and more effective, and was further 

 superior to hypochlorite treatment because it caused no odor and 



'For partial bibliography see Manheimer, Publ. Health Report (1915), 

 30, 2796. 



*Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem. (1915), 7, 496. 



