xin, A, 6 Concepcion: Analysis of NoJ'nnal Filipino Urine 349 



peans and Americans, is usually between 14 and 18 grams. This 

 would correspond to from 88 to 112 grams of proteins catabo- 

 lized in twenty-four hours. It also means that, if nitrogen 

 equilibrium were being mantained, an approximately equal 

 quantity of assimilable protein food would be required. The 

 minimum average of nitrogen excreted by Filipinos is 3.05 

 grams, the maximum 12.63 grams. The average for 142 deter- 

 minations on prisoners, hospital servants, and laboratory helpers, 

 and for 60 observations on students, was 6.27 and 7.75 grams, 

 respectively. The average excretion over the whole series of 

 202 observations was 7.01 grams of nitrogen in twenty-four 

 hours. This approximates the finding of Aron and Hocson, (5) 

 but is very small, compared with European or American stand- 

 ards of nitrogen excretion. This means also that Filipinos 

 metabolize 43.81 grams of proteins daily, which is only 37 per 

 cent of Voit's standard and is slightly higher than the metabol- 

 ism of the Bengalis, which averages 37.50 grams. The average 

 for four consecutive days in the series of hospital servants, who 

 gave the highest results, comes to only 79 grams of proteins me- 

 tabolized daily- The minimum is as low as 19.13 grams, which 

 is very much lower than the minimum, 23.25 grams, found by 

 McCay.(i) 



Urea. — This was determined by the Van Slyke and Cullen 

 method. (6) It is generally recognized that the greatest pro- 

 portion of nitrogen intake is excreted by the kidneys in the 

 form of urea nitrogen, and is usually from 84 to 90 per cent 

 of the total nitrogen. The accepted American or European 

 standard for urea excretion is from 30 to 35 grams per diem. 

 The average excretion of urea over the whole Filipino series 

 of 196 determinations was 9.59 grams. The average for the 

 student series is 10.80 grams, and for the laboratory helpers, 

 prisoners, and hospital servants, 8.39 grams. The smalle&l; 

 amount of urea excreted, found in the case of one prisoner (P. 

 10378), was 4.24 grams for an average of seven consecutive 

 days. The maximum quantity was that of a hospital servant 

 (M. M.), 21.10 grams, for an average of four consecutive days. 

 The average figure found in the student series is even smaller 

 than that given in McCay's series, in spite of the fact that total 

 nitrogen in my series is higher. 



It should be noted that the excretion of urea nitrogen in the 

 Filipino series is only 63.86 per cent of the total nitrogen ex- 

 creted in the urine. Ordinarily, when the protein intake is 

 high, about 90 per cent of the nitrogen of the urine is urea 

 nitrogen; but on a reduced protein diet, as shown by Folin,('7) 



