50 ^he Philippine Journal of Science 1917 



specimens from the adjacent island of Basilan. A few speci- 

 mens from Palawan and from Negros complete the material 

 known from the Archipelago. It is evident, therefore, that our 

 collections are far too incomplete to judge with any certainty of 

 the endemism in the various islands. Of the 98 species listed, 

 68 are recorded from Luzon and 36 from Mindanao, only 12 

 being common to the two islands. I believe that further col- 

 lecting will show a very high percentage of species peculiar to 

 the different islands. Many of the species have been erected 

 upon characters found in the male genitalia — ^the form of the 

 pygophor, anal segment, and genital styles being the characters 

 used — but the final word on endemism will not be spoken until 

 a careful comparison has been made of the sedeagi of the species 

 represented in two or more islands. The case of Kamendaka 

 mindanensis and its three allies is a good illustration of the 

 truth of this contention. Objections have been raised to 

 "phallic" species, but if distinct structural differences are found 

 in these organs, I fail to see why they should not be considered 

 specific. If an equal difference in structure were to be found in 

 the head, the thorax, or the abdomen, there would be no objection 

 to treating them as specific; in fact in some cases they would 

 be used for erecting genera. Unfortunately the majority of 

 fulgorids have been described without any reference to their sex. 



Of the 98 Philippine derbids, only 13 are reported from 

 foreign countries, and these are mainly from Borneo and Java. 

 This confirms a remark I made elsewhere that there is a high 

 endemism among these insects in the islands of the Malay Ar- 

 chipelago. The derbid fauna of British India, including Ceylon 

 and Burmah, numbers 53 species, that of Java numbers less 

 than 30, and more collecting has been done in those regions than 

 in the Philippine Islands. 



But little is known of the life history of these small creatures ; 

 the eggs have never been described, and I have failed to find 

 them. The few nymphs that have been described all live in 

 rotten wood or under old bark. Proutista mcesta (Westwood) 

 is a common insect on sugar cane in Java, the Philippine Islands, 

 Formosa, and some other countries of the Pacific, but nothing 

 is known of its eggs or young. 



Fifty-five of the 68 species of derbids found in Luzon have 

 been taken on Mount Maquiling and in the neighboring locality 

 of Los Bafios. This is a remarkable botanical and entomo- 

 logical region and deserves a passing reference. Sixty-five kilo- 

 meters from the city of Manila, the mountain rises from the 



