used as an adulterant, besides cheaper 

 grades of rose oil. 



The great multitude of cultivated 

 roses are all derived from a few species 

 of wild growing ancestors. In wild 

 growing roses the corollas are simple 

 but under cultivation the stamens and 

 pistils are changed into petals and the ' 

 flowers become doubled and correspond- 

 ingly more showy. There are a number 

 of wild growing species in the United 

 States, of which the prairie or climbing 

 rose (Rosa setigera), meadow rose 

 (Rosa blanda) and dog rose (Rosa ca- 

 nina) are the more common. Cultivated 

 roses may be classified as follows, ac- 



cording to stock origin: i. 



Climbing 



roses. To this class belong the above 

 climbing or prairie rose and its deriva- 

 tives, the Baltimore Belle, Queen of the 

 Prairies, Evergreen, Ayrshire, M^usk, 

 many flowered roses, and the host of 

 Banksias. 2. Garden roses which 

 bloom, only once each season ; the so- 

 called summer or June roses ; Scotch 

 roses, burnet rose, cinnamon rose, dam- 

 ask rose, the provins hundred-leaved or 

 cabbage rose (derived from Rosa cen- 

 tifolia), with its numerous varieties, the 

 French or red rose (derived from Rosa 

 gallica), and its numerous varieties. 

 These are all old favorites and will con- 

 tinue to be, though giving way to the 

 following group. 3. The hybrid per- 

 petuals or autumn roses. These blos- 

 som a second time each season after ? 

 period of rest. These are perhaps most- 

 ly derived fromi the Giina or Indian 

 rose. (Rosa Indica.) The flowers are 

 large, brilliant, showy. The principal 

 varieties are General Jacqueminot, Ba- 

 ronne Prevost. Giant of Battles, each 

 with a host of sub-varieties. 4. Roses 

 blooming continually. These are mostly 

 derived from the above stocks, and are 

 the product of crossing, cultivation and 

 artificial selection. The principal vari- 

 eties are the Bourbons and Souvenir de 

 Malmaison. monthly, or Bengal roses, 



the Noisette race, derived from the musk 

 and tea rose, and which are mostly 

 climbers, tea or tea-scented roses, de- 

 rived from Rosa Indica var adorata. The 

 large yellow Marchal Niel is by some 

 classed as a tea rose ; by others as a 

 noisette. 



Varieties are perpetuated by grafting 

 buds or branches on a hardy stock, as 

 the common dog rose. It is best to 

 graft on stocks native in the countrs' in 

 which it is desired to grow the variety. 

 For example, in the United States any 

 one of the wild growing species m;'.y lie 

 used as a stock plant. 



The rose is a national eni'olem flower 

 of England. It is quite universally rec- 

 ognized as the handsomest of all fiov.-ors. 

 THie rose signifies love, joy and pros- 

 perity. In the song of Solomon the 

 Rose of Sharon is mentioned and al- 

 lusion is made to the plantation of roses 

 at Jericho. Perhaps no plant or flower 

 has figured more extensively in mvth 

 and folk lore. The ancients regarded 

 the rose as the emblem of silence, which 

 accounts for the derivation of the ex- 

 pression sub rosa. 



The principal use of the rose is for 

 ornamental culture purpose. The fa- 

 mous rose oil (otto of rose) is used as a 

 perfume. It is also employed for scenting 

 snuff, hair oils, salves and essences. Rose 

 water is extensively used as an addition 

 to gargles, eye washes, skin lotions, etc. 

 The bright red hip is sometimes eaten 

 and also used for decorative purposes. 

 Country school children are in the habit 

 of eating the petals and hips. The hips 

 of the dog rose are used for making a 

 confection. The petals are added to 

 sachet powders. 



In the history of England the war of 

 roses was so-called because of the f-fH 

 and white rose badges, respectively, of 

 the houses of Lancaster and York (i455" 

 1485). In France the rose figures in a 

 special church ceremony, known as rose 

 festival, celebrated on June 8. 



Albert ScHNEinER. 



48 



