S$ CARBONISED TURF. 



and prevent the vantage to the management of the forefts. Timber for the 

 ^cforefts! conftruftion of houfes and furniture, and limber for fhipbuilcf- 

 ing, daily increafe in price, becaufe they bec'ome more fcaice. 

 Some of the forefts have become reduced, as the frefti growths 

 in them do not keep pace with the deftruflive inftrument that 

 overturns them ; feme of ihem are entirely deflroyed, and the 

 ground converted into ornamental gardens ; and thus each 

 year, each monthi each day, conducts us inlenfibly to a moft 

 alarming dearth of timber. Already the price of fire-wood 

 is tripled, and Paris is on the eve of being deprived of a com- 

 buftible which, as yet, has not been replaced to advaniage. 



The commifiioners compliment MM. Calliasand Co. whofe 

 method of carbonifation is peculiar to themfelves, and calcu- 

 lated conformably to the laws of combuftion in its two firft 

 ■ ftages ; that is to fay, before the arrival of its third degree, or 



7;he carboniza- that of abfolute combuftion. MM. Callias and Co. by their 

 Caliias is very "lethod, direiS the carbonifation at their pleafure and in an 

 perfeft. invariable manner; they are always fuie of obtaining a per- 



fect charcoal, without fmoking-pieces, and without any rilk 

 of forming it intoapyrophorus, which foraetimes happens in the 

 carbonifation performed in clofed veflfels. Their manner of 

 proceeding is alfo very economical ; and what proves fhat ihey 

 : work with intelligence is, that they daily improve, and already 



are able to fave ten hours out of 48 in each carbonifation. 



Experiments made xviih Charcoal of Turf. 



IJi. The charcoal of turf kindles a little flower than that of 

 Turf. charcoal wood, but when it is once in compleat ignition, it throws out 



ihln^oZ ^^^^ "^"^^ "^^""^ ^^^' ' '^^ ^^'"^ '^ ^'^" '"^^^ elevated, and it yields 

 charcoal, no odour, except a very flight one of fulphur, which ceafes 



when It is fully lighted. 

 Caufcs water to 2. Charcoal of turf, in equal quantify with charcoal of wood, 

 as'fpwdily!!"" caufed a given quantity of water to boil four times ; while that 



of wood caufed it only to boil once. The firft is then fuperior 



to the fecond in a quadruple proportion. 



3. To prove that turf charcoal emits more heat than wood 



_^ , charcoal, the following experiment was made. 



Itfufcduoa. With turf charcoal, in a goldlmith's furnace, eleven ounces 



of goM in eight of gold Were fufed in eight minutes, which with wood char, 



minutes ; wood- y • • i /• 



charcoal did the c^al was not performed in lets than fixteen minutes. The gold 



rame mfixzein IbR nothing of its malleability in the fufion with the turf; but, 



on 



> 



