stcivm. 



HEATING ROOMS BV STEA^i 331 



Stories, a lying pipe of cast iron, five ihcrhesin diameter, is History and ac- 



' / & .1 i" •' X, - A count of the 



carried along the middle of the lower story, about two ^^^^,0^ of heat- 

 feet from the ceiling, with a small declivity to carry offing rooms by 

 the water. This pipe heats' the story in which it is placed," 

 Tin pipes, 7f inches diameter, communicating with this 

 lying pipe, are carried up perpendicularly through all 

 the floors to the top of the house at the distance of seven 

 feet from each other, and form a line of heated columns in 

 the middle of each room. The sam'e general plan has beea 

 followed ia the other mill. But there are several irregula- 

 rities in the building, which require a little variation of the 

 contrivances for diffusing the heat to every quarter. Some 

 of the rooms having been added since the first erection of 

 the mill, are connected with the main body of the building 

 awkwardly. Into these the steam is carried by lying pipes, 

 slightly inclined, and communicating with the principal ap- 

 paratus. The steam may afterwards be distributed by other 

 pipes in any wa,y that is thought convenient. The memo- 

 rialist has found no difficulty in conveying, by such means, 

 the steam necessary to produce the degree of heat required 

 in every variety of situation. 



In the former of the last mentioned mills, the perpendi- 

 cular pipes are connected under the ceiling of the garret by 

 a pipe 2f inches diameter, slightly inclined, the extremities 

 of which pass through the w^ls of the house, and are pro- 

 vided with valves opening outwards. A connecting pipe, 

 with similar valves, is placed under the ceiling of the third 

 litory. These are intended for the more easy circulation of 

 the steam ; but the memorialist found, from experience, 

 that with all these aids, the filling of the perpendicular 

 pipes with steam was attended with some difficulty. The 

 steam, when first thrown in, passes up the perpendicular 

 pipe, nearest to the boiler, and, being specifically lighter 

 than air, occupies the upper part of the apparatus, compres- 

 sing the air in the lower part of the rest of the pipes. The 

 resistance of the air will thus for a long time prevent the 

 pipes from being completely heated : but this difficulty is 

 easily obviated by having a valve Or valves opening out- 

 wards, at the lowest part of the apparatus, through which 

 the air, when compressed by the steam, is sy^ered to 



escape. 



