S34 tiEATING ROOMS BY StsA?*; 



History and ac- fhc whole of the pipes are of cast iron, except m, »t, itik 

 count of the ,,. , . ^ ^l j- , • m, 



method of heat- ^"^icii is of copper. The perpendicular pipes serve as pillars 



ing rooms by for supporting the beams of the house, by means of the pro- 

 jecting pieces o, o, o, whs<ih may be raised or lowered at 

 pleasure by the wedges p, p, p. The pipes are sunk in the 

 beams about an inch, and are made fast to them by the 

 iron straps g, 5. Those in the lower story rCst on the 

 stones y, 5, Sy s, and are made tight at the junction Avith 

 stuffing. The pipe in each story supports the one in the 

 story above by a stuffed joint as shown at 7\ The pipes irt 

 the lower story are seven inches in diameter ; those in tb« 

 higher six inches ; those in the other two are of interme- 

 diate diameters. The thickness of the metal is -|- of an 

 inch. The lower pipes are made larger than the upper, in 

 order to expose a greater heated surface in the lower rooms, 

 because the steam being thrown from above into all the 

 pipes, except the first, would otherwise become incapable 

 of imparting an equal heat as it desoends. 



There is no necessity for valves opening inwards in ilm 

 apparatus, the pipes being strong enough to resist the pres. 

 sure of the atmosphere. 



The cotton mill is 60 feet long, 33 wide, and fov.r sto« 

 ' ries high, the upper being a garret story. In the engraving 

 five parts out of nine in the length of the building are only 

 shown. The apparatus Mill heat the rooms to 85* in the 

 coldest season. It is evident that, by increasing the size, 

 or the number of the pipes, and the su])ply of steam, any 

 degree of heat up to 212° may be easilj' produced. It may 

 even be carried beyond that point by an apparatus strong 

 enough to compress the steam; this, however, can seldom 

 be wanted. At first it was objected to this construction, 

 that the expansion of the pipes, when heated, might da- 

 mage the building; but experience has proved, that the ex- 

 pansion occasioned by the heat of steam is quite insensible.* 



The 



* Certificates from Mr. George Mackintosh, and Messrs. Henry 

 Monteitb, Bogle and Co. of Glasgow; Mr. George Houston, 

 Messrs. Kobert Hodgart and Co. Messrs. John Fife and Co. and 

 Mr. John M'Naiight, of Johnstone; Mr. James Boyle, manager 

 for Messrs. M'Farlam, Black and Co. at Gryse-Mill; also from 



Mr. 



