UEFECTS OP GBAFTING AND BUDDING^ 357 



ground not only from the centre to the circumference, or 

 from a a to p p, but that it works the contrary way, or 

 from p to a; thus exploding the stock both ways, at least 

 with respect to the wood. 



Fig. % A very well joined bud. b the pith, ap, a p, the 

 new made wood, cccc, the line of life. 



Fig. 3. The manner in which the graft is cut in this 

 country, if the scion is larger than the stock, c or c, is the 

 manner in which the stock is left; and m is generally the 

 part, that becomes rotten, to decrease the quantity of sap 

 by degrees. 



Fig. 4. A graft that disagreed with its stock. The twist- 

 ing of the bastard grain and vessels in the wood of the scion 

 from this circumstance is shown at Gn. They ought to havo 

 appeared as in Jig. 5. 



JFYg\ 6. Appearance of the bourrclet, or bolster, that 

 joins the stock and scion, during its formation. ddd t the 

 inflated parts, that tend to conceal the fibres. 



Fig. 7. The manner in which the stock and scion, whether 

 graft or bud, are joined together, n ^^, the part which is 

 always formed by the stock, w, the under part formed by 

 the scion. The part n n folds over this, but never joins it. 



Fig. 8. A very bad graft. The letters of reference as in 



Figs. 9, and 10. Oblique section of a graft. Fig. 9, the 

 stock. Fig. 10, the scion, p p p, new wood, o a, the new 

 circle of life, c c, the old, which dies away, d d y the 

 beginning of the new bark, formed in the manner shown at 

 Jig. 6. 



Pi. X. Fig. 1. A lusus naturae, c c c, the buds, hbbbbhy 

 the leaf stalks. The leaves were on it, but I was fearful 

 of crowding the drawing. There were many stalks also 

 full of young leaves, growing from the buds. All the 

 flower buds were dead ; but the leaf buds were increasing, 

 and bursting out into leaf. There was every reason to pre- 

 sume, on dissecting the leaves, that the bark had been torn 

 from the stems ever since the commencement of spring. 



Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 exhibit the difference of structure in 

 several kinds of wood, to show the necessity of the stock 

 being of the same nature with the graft. 



IV. Experiments 



