X INTRODUCTION. 



and generally examined the specimens when there was doubt. 

 Many errors were very excusable, when we remember the insects 

 had been named from Newman's figures only. The commonest 

 errors were the inclusion of Neuria saponarice, Acidalia tri- 

 geminata, and Lozogramma petraria, when the insects were 

 Ncenia typica^ Acidalia hisetata, and Euholia plumbaria. I 

 mention these here as a hint to others. I found almost every 

 one ready and willing to assist to the utmost of their power. 

 I am indebted to the following for lists and other aid : —Miss 

 Rosie, Messrs. Brady and Corder, Sunderland ; Greenwell and 

 Ross, Bishop Auckland ; Henderson, Patterson, Rhagg, Rosie, 

 and Sticks, Newcastle-on-Tyne ; Pickard, "Wolsingham ; Dr. Lees, 

 Leeds, formerly of Middleton-in-Teesdale; Messrs. Stephenson, 

 South Shields; Sibson, Stockton-on-Tees; Maddison, Durham; 

 Lofthouse, Middlesbrough (for insects collected on the Durham 

 side of the Tees), &c., &c. 



I have also had special aid from the late T. H. Hed worth, of 

 Dunston, who not only supplied a list of his own captures, but 

 also those of Mr. Maling, Newcastle, Mr. Eales, South Shields, 

 and many others, always taking a warm interest in the success 

 of the undertaking. 



The late John Finlay, of Meldon, gave me great assistance, 

 supplying the largest list of captures, and adding most valuable 

 notes on the scarcity or abundance of the species, time of 

 occurrence, nature of habitat, &c., &c., all of which were of 

 great service, and have added much to my personal knowledge, 

 especially of moor-frequenting species, which I have had but 

 few opportunities of seeing in their native haunts. 



I was entrusted with the whole of the entomological lists 

 and notes of the late Wm. Backhouse, of Shotley, which I have 

 largely drawn upon. As they refer to other orders as well as 

 to Lepidoptera, I propose, when this Catalogue is completed, to 

 place them with the Museum authorities at Newcastle, as some 

 of them may be useful at a future time if lists of other orders 

 should be prepared. 



** Sang's Diary " is frequently referred to in the following 

 pages, and will be more often quoted in the next volume. 



