188 CiLTALOGTJE OF MOTHS. 



A very scarce insect here. Probably its range in the west, 

 where it reaches the Clyde, extends further than on the east 

 coast. Mr. Patterson is the only Il^orthumberland collector who 

 has taken it. Dr. Lees, in his list for Upper Teesdale, says 

 *^ an odd specimen sometimes." I have only taken one at Hartle- 

 pool many years ago, and Mr. Gardner never met with it. It is 

 tolerably well distributed in Yorkshire and Lancashire. 



CHARICLEA. 



178. Chariclea marginata, Fab. Bordered Sallow. 



Heliothis marginata. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 291. 



,, marginatus. Newm. Brit. Moths, p. 437. 



Chariclea marginata. Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p. 



Caradrina umbra. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 119. 



Larva. Buck., vol, vi., pi. xcix., fig. 1. 



Probably common all along the coast wherever Rest Harrow 

 grows freely. Mr. Bolam writes, ''comes freely to sugar at 

 Cheswick Links from about the end of June, and the larvse are 

 sometimes very abundant there in the autumn on Rest Harrow 

 ( Ononsis arvensis) ; they vary in colour from almost black to a 

 very pale grayish green and are all cannibals (Trans. Ber. Pield 

 Club, vol. XV., p. 306)." Mr. Rhagg took it at Warkworth ; Mr. 

 Eales found it on the coast at South Shields, taking it at Thistle 

 flowers on 4th July. Sometimes it is very common at Hartle- 

 pool. In 1864 it swarmed, and was quite the commonest Noctua 

 that year ; later the larvae might have been taken by hundreds. 

 A few years after it almost disappeared, and a single specimen 

 might be taken in a season, or more frequently, none at all. In 

 1897 it was almost as plentiful as ever. It flies in early dusk, 

 or even before sunset ; goes to Campion flowers freely, and is 

 common at sugar. The larvae are certainly the most persistent 

 cannibals I know, and almost need to be reared separately, but 

 bred specimens are seldom so richly coloured as those that have 

 fed in the open air. 



