Vol. 68.] THE GOPENG BEDS OF KINTA. 153 



As I had been anxious to obtain similar evidence of the origin 

 of the limestone hills in the Malay Peninsula, it was gratifying to 

 find that in the neighbourhood of Gopeug conclusive testimony 

 exists of their precipitous sides being in truth fault-faces. 



To take the evidence in detail, if one goes to Sungei Siput (in 

 the south-eastern corner of the map, fig. 1, p. 141), and takes the 

 path that skirts the eastern cliffs of the Gunoug Tempurong lime- 

 stone mass, it will be noticed that lying against the base of the cliffs 

 in several places, and between the limestone and the granite, are 

 small patches of phyllites like those at Gopeng. They are not 

 interbedded with the limestone, and the obvious significance of 

 their present position is that the junction between the h'mestono 

 and the granite is a fault-junction and that the faulted side 

 (that is, the eastern side) sank bodily into the granite except for 

 these small patches of phyllites that were scraped off against 

 the fault-face and held there by the granitic magma as it welled 

 upwards. 



Equally good evidence of the granite-limestone junction being 

 a fault-junction is found in the neighbourhood of Pulai, and it may 

 therefore be concluded that the whole of the granite margin in thi& 

 map is bounded by a big fault, some idea of the magnitude of which 

 may be gained by standing underneath the Gunong Tempurong 

 cliff mentioned above, where the precipitous limestone fault-face is 

 seen towering up to something not far short of 800 feet (see fig. 2^ 

 p. 144). 



^ow, let us examine the outcrops of Gopeng Beds north of the 

 Sungei Tekka, namely, that bordering Lanno and Koban and 

 surrounding Puah and Pipit, and that in the Pulai hollow. It 

 will be found that beneath the Gopeng Beds is always crystalline 

 limestone, and that the Gopeug Beds lie up against perpendicular 

 cliffs of limestone. Since it is clear, from the evidence gained by 

 , boring on the Gopeng mines, that the natural position of the 

 Gopeng Beds is above the limestone, we may safely conclude that 

 when the Gopeng Beds abut on the limestone cliff's, their position 

 is due to faulting, and that the limestone cliffs are fault-faces. 



The evidence of the faulting on the west of the Tempurong mass, 

 and round the limestone hills known as Meusah and Kundoh, is 

 not so good, because that part of the country is largely agricultural ; 

 but remnants of the Gopeng Beds are found on the limestone floor 

 over which flow the Sungei Gopeng and the Sungei Jeluntoh, and 

 in the absence of evidence pointing to a different conclusion we 

 may assume that the cliffs of Meusah and Kundoh are fault-faces 

 also, like those of the limestone hills north of Gopeng. 



West and south of the Tempurong limestone-mass no direct, 

 evidence of faulting has been obtained so far ; but, seeing how 

 the granite juts out to the west to form the mountain Bujang 

 Malaka, and how clear the evidence of faulting is on the east of the 

 Gunong Tempurong, it is not too much to assume that the northern 

 boundary of the Bujang-Malaka mass is a fault and that the southern 

 and western cliffs of Gunong Tempurong are faults also. 



