Yol. 68.] THE GOPENG BEDS OF KINTA. 155 



it would appear that all the rocks forming the rest of the country 

 dropped relatively to them in the crust. 



The physical features, of the Gopeng neighbourhood are, then, 

 the result of denudation acting on part of a shattered anti- 

 clinorium. North of Gopeng, and (we may believe) south also, 

 the limestone hills represent blocks of the limestone beds that did 

 not fall, or fell but slightly, when the fracturing took place. The 

 Pulai hollow and the gap in the range of the limestone hills mark 

 areas where blocks of the anticlinorium fell to such an extent that 

 the soft Gopeng clays and the higher phyllites and quartzites were 

 brought up against a considerable thickness of crystalline limestone, 

 with the result that when denudation reached these blocks the softer 

 beds were largely worn away and the limestone fault-faces left as 

 cliffs. 



(9) The Age and Origin of tlie Gopeng- Beds. 



It has been stated above (p. 143) that fossils found in Pahang have 

 shown that the calcareous rocks there are Carboniferous or Permo- 

 Carboniferous. For the identification of these fossils I am indebted 

 to Mr. G. C. Crick and to Mr. R. B. Newton. The former identified 

 the following forms in the limestone from Goa Sar (or Sah) :— 

 OrtJioceras, Cyrtoceras, Gyroceras, and Solenocheilus . Mr. Crick also 

 examined a fossil found in calcareous shales on the Pahang river, 

 and ascertained that it closely resembled Waagen's Xenocliscus ; 

 while Mr. Newton described a form closely allied to Dentalium 

 Tierculeum of De Koninck, from the same beds, and remarked 

 that Xenodiscus and Dentalium herculeum are found in the Upper 

 Productus Limestone of India. 



Now, it is to India that we must look first for possible equivalents- 

 of the shallow- water sandstone, shale, and conglomerate of Pahang^ 

 and extensions of these rocks outside that State. Parts of them 

 have already been determined as Rhaetic in Pahang,^ as probably 

 Middle Jurassic in Singapore,^ and as Triassic in Perak^; but, as all 

 three determinations were based on small collections of fossils, that 

 in Perak being based on one form ofily, we may expect that larger 

 collections, if they are ever made, will show that the rocks, which 

 I have described elsewhere as the Tembeling Series, do not cover sO' 

 great a range in time as is indicated at present. 



When describing the Singapore fossils, Mr, II, B. Newton 

 remarked (Geol, Mag, 1906, p. 488) on the possibility of the beds 

 in which they were found representing an outlier of the Upper 

 Gondwana rocks of India, Even without this suggestion, it would 

 not be unnatural to look for an extension of the Gondwana Series 

 over the limestone in the Federated Malay States ; and, although it 

 is not claimed that what I have termed the Tembeling Series was. 



^ R. B. Newton, Proc. Malacol. Soc. vol. iv (1900) pp. 130-35. 

 2 Id. Geol. Mag. dec. 5, vol. iii (1G08) pp. 487-96. 

 ^ Id. & T. R. Jones, ibid. vol. ii (1905) pp. 49-52. 



Q. J. G. S. No. 270, N 



