Yol. 68.] THE GOPENG BEDS OF KINTA. 161 



the kaolin in this vein is compact, and has to be broken with a 

 hammer to disintegrate it. 



On the Gopeng Mining Company's land the vein containing 

 lepidolite has been cut away to a lower level also, and shows some 

 good sections of the junction with the Gopeng Beds. The lepidolite 

 is abundant, and so is quartz. Tourmaline occurs sparingly. 



I have lately seen another kaolin vein in the Tekka Valley, with 

 stringers of tourmaline running through it. It is intrusive into 

 grey boulder-clay of the Gopeng Beds. 



{d) Buried Trees. 



Two more buried trees have been found, and both have a sandy 

 casing. There can be no doubt that these trees fell down into 

 their present position at a comparatively recent date, and that the 

 holes into which they fell were filled up from above. 



(e) Extensions of the Gopeng Beds. 



Field-work during 1911 has shown that there is a northward 

 extension of the Gopeng Beds. They have been traced for 12 miles 

 from Gopeng township, and throughout the extension they are 

 faulted down against the crystalline limestone by a north-and- 

 south fault. A few of the peculiar flat boulders of granite have 

 been found, and corundum boulders occur in the beds near Ampang.^ 

 There is further evidence of intrusive veins from the granite. 



On the west side of the Kinta Valley evidence is accumulating- 

 that points to the clay there being glacial also, and to the tourmaline- 

 corundum rocks being included boulders. Mr. W. M. Currie has 

 given me a flat boulder of granite from the Siputeh Ltd. Mine 

 analogous to those found about Gopeng and Pulai ; and in the same 

 mine it appears that big boulders of tourmalinized sandstone,, 

 veined with quartz carrying tin-ore in the form of large cassiterite 

 crystals, and having similar ore in the body of the rock, may be 

 boulders of glacial origin also. They occur in stiff clay with 

 angular tin-ore disseminated through it, as at Gopeng. 



(/) Final Conclusions. 



On reviewing all the evidence obtained since July 1910, it is 

 impossible to doubt that the Gopeng Beds are older than the 

 Mesozoic granite. This is clearly proved by the numerous sections 

 of the veins of kaolin, and the sections of the actual junction with 

 the granite. The field evidence is overwhelming : there can be no 

 doubt, moreover, that the bulk of the tin-ore in the beds was nor« 

 derived from the Mesozoic granite, but from a much older granite,, 

 known to us at present only by the boulders in the clays ; and 

 that, on the other hand, a second supply of ore, resulting in local 

 enrichment at the junction with the granite and near the veins, 



1 A village beyond the limits of the map (fig. 1, p. 141). 



