Vol. 68.] STAGE IN THE VALLEY OP THE EIVEE LEA. 221 



extreme range may be somewhat greater than this. This series is 

 always remanie ; the implements are greatly abraded, and derived 

 from some earlier drifts. After these come another series in which 

 the pointed forms predominate, although many other types also 

 occur, and trimmed flakes are beginning to be more abundant than 

 in the earliest series. The place of these in the scale is about s.d. 7.57 

 to 7.60, while on the line of a former surface overlying the gravels 

 in which the last-named series occurs, the Palaeolithic ' floor ' is 

 found. The true Mousterian terminal flakes form a large propor- 

 tion of the implements found upon the ' floor.' The place of this 

 series is probably about sequence-date 7.68 to 7.70. 



Prom my own work in this district I can fully confirm 

 Mr. "Worthington Smith's conclusions. I have also found that in 

 the next higher terrace to that which contains the ' floor,' there is 

 another series of contemporary or but slightly abraded implements 

 of somewhere about sequence-date 7.50. 



It is true that certain deposits, such, for instance, as that of 

 Warren Hill, Mildenhall, yield a series of remains of diff'erent ages 

 that are commingled together. But these conditions of remanie- 

 ment are not surprising when we remember the redistribution that 

 many of these drifts have undergone. While I feel much sympathy 

 with those who take the more sceptical view, yet at the same time 

 the invariable order of succession of the human industries, where 

 this succession is clearl}^ shown, does seem to me to be supported 

 by too great a weight of evidence, both in this country and on the 

 Continent, to be discounted by the phenomena of remaniement, 

 numerous as these may be. 



Y. The Coeeelation of the Aectic Bed. 



In the part of the Lea Yalley with which we are dealing, con- 

 temporary Palaeolithic implements are found only in the terraces 

 which are at, or above, the 100-foot contour. Upon comparing 

 these with the standard series of our scale of industries, we find 

 that they must be placed at 'sequence-date' 7.55 to 7.65 or 7.70. 

 The succeeding gravels that are below the 100-foot contour must 

 therefore belong to the period of s.d. 7.70 to 7.90. They cannot 

 well occupy less time than this ; they may occupy more. It 

 would, therefore, appear that the Bonder's End bed, at the low 

 level of 43 feet O.D., separated from the gravel terrace of s.d. 7.65 

 or 7.70 by some 70 feet of vertical valley-erosion on the one hand, 

 and immediately succeeded as it is by the Alluvium on the other 

 hand, should be placed somewhere in the indefinite sequence-date 

 8. XX, which is still so largely a.n unknown quantity. 



of Mineral Condition in Determining the Relative Age of Stone Implements ' 

 Geol. Mag. dec. 4, vol. ix (1902) p. 97 ; ' On the Correlation of the Prehistoric 

 Floor at Hullbridge with similar Beds elsewhere ' Essex Naturalist, vol. xvi 

 (1911) p. 279 ; and ' On the Classification of the Prehistoric Remains of East 

 Essex,' read before the Anthropological Institute on Mav 23rd, 1911. 



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