238 ME. A. S. KENXAED IXD ME. B. B. WOODWAED [JunC I912, 



SucciNEA OBLois'GA Drap. 



j!^ext to Jaminia muscorum (Linn.) this is the most abundant 

 species in the deposit. It is a European form, the range of which 

 in Norway and Sweden is the isotherm of 15° to 16° C, and in 

 Siberia 10° to 12° C. The vertical Alpine limit is the isotherm of 

 9° to 10° C. 



This is a characteristic species of the German loess ; while it is 

 represented in our collection from the Pleistocene of Swalecliff and 

 Ip;htham (Kent), Fisherton (Wiltshire), Portland(Dorset),Barrington 

 (Cambridgeshire), and St. James's Square, Westminster (Middlesex). 



SdcciNEA scHF^iACHEEi And. (PI. XVII, figs. 2 (l k, 2 6.) 



Rare ; two examples only found. 



This is a species of Trhich it is quite impossible to give the 

 present range. If it is identical with S. altaica von Mts. var. 

 norvegica West, as, judging from the description, it appears to be, 

 then it occurs in Iceland with an isotherm of 10° C. It is a 

 characteristic fossil of the German loess, and is represented in our 

 collection from Bischheim (near Strassburg), Begensburg (Bavaria), 

 and Osterrode (Thuringia). 



In these islands it is known in a fossil state from the Pleistocene 

 of Barrington (Cambridgeshire), Crayford (Kent), Chelmsford 

 (Essex), and St. James's Square, Westminster (Middlesex). In our 

 opinion it is indistinguishable from recent shells from Hale Moss 

 (Westmorland), Grange (Lancashire), Stoke Inner Pool (Hereford), 

 Old Colwyn (Denbighshire), and the Orkneys. With regard to the 

 sheUs from Hale Moss, we had the confirmatory support of the late 

 Dr. 0. Boettger. 



SlJCCINEA Cf. GECENLANDICA Bcck. (PI. XVII, figS. 1 « & 1 6.) 



There are seven examples of Succinea which we are unable 

 definitely to name. The nearest living form is S. groenlandica 

 Beck, but these examples are rather smaller than that species. 



S. groenlandica ranges as far north as the isotherm of 4° to 6° C. 



We have seen no British fossil examples that will compare with 

 them. Even if the Bonder's End shells are only an extreme form 

 of S. putris (Linn.), it is noteworthy that this last species ranges 

 to the isotherm of 8^ to 10° C, with a vertical range in the Alps to 

 13° C. 



Valvata piscikalis (Miill.). (PI. XVII, fig. 7.) 



This species is represented by eight dwarfed examples. 

 Judging from the literature, these may be the variety cyclom2)7iala 

 West ; but, since we have seen no authentic specimens, we are un- 

 able to speak definitely on the point. The range of V. 2nscinalis is 

 to the isotherm of 8° to 10° C. in Europe, and 10° to 12° C. in 

 Siberia. The highest vertical range that we can trace is in the 

 Jura, 15° C. 



Sphj:eium coenetjm (Linn.). 



This common European species is represented only by fragments ; 



