Vol. 68.] tCETJPEE MARLS AROtTND CHAENWOOS. 285 



possibl}' in part of local origii]), and greatly-worn tourmaline, 

 staurolite, and garnet, which are certainly from afar. 



The garnet occurs in extraordinary amount in the basal breccias 

 resting on or against the Charnian rocks. The grains, which are 

 large and intensely worn, will be described later. 



Inclination of the Strata. 



Away from Charnwood the dip seldom exceeds 2°, and is 

 generally towards the east or south-east. But around the 

 Charnian hills the Keuper Marls are found inclined in all direc- 

 tions, sometimes to the extent of 20° or even 30° (see PI. XXI). 

 The inclination everywhere is in the direction of the rock-slope 

 beneath, and consequently is radial around each buried hill. To 

 this curious fact attention was called by me in 1907.^ 



It is now brought out clearly on the maps of the quarries (see, 

 for example, Pis. XXIII-XXVI). The observed inclination of the 

 Trias is marked with red arrows, and everywhere these arrows are 

 at right angles to the contours of the buried rocks. 



The inclination of the beds is much less than that of the slopes 

 against which they lie : so that, when followed toAvards a buried 

 hillock, many of the beds are seen to end off, abutting against the 

 rock (see PI. XXI, fig. 3). The same beds, dij^ping in the opposite 

 direction, may generally be found on the other side of the hillock. 



Likewise the beds in the gullies sag down, but at an angle less 

 than the slope of the floor, so that the lower beds end off against 

 the gully-sides (see PI. XXI, fig. 2 & PI. XIX, fig. 1). Thus, 

 where the rock-surface is irregular, a single bed may show many 

 undulations and abut against a number of different crags ; but it 

 is noteworthy that generally all its points of contact with the old 

 rocks lie on a horizontal plane. Probably the strata lay across the 

 larger valleys also in similar catenary manner. 



The longest distance to which the marls can be continuously 

 viewed in section leading away from the old rocks is 120 yards, 

 revealed in the mineral line of the Lane's Hill Quarry, Stoney 

 Stanton (see PI. XXI, fig. 3). Here the rock-surface sloping 35° 

 to 40° is seen to a depth of 40 feet, and the marls near it are 

 inclined at 15°, diminishing to 10° at a distance of 110 yards. 



There is no evidence of any appreciable post-Triassic movement 

 whatever in Charnwood. The inclination of the strata may be in 

 part original. The inclined strata, however, in no way difi'er from 

 those which are horizontal, and contain similar thin seams of 

 dolomitic 'skerry' bearing salt-pseudomorphs and ripple-marks. 



It is difficult to explain the extent of these thin shallow-water 

 seams, unless they were laid down almost horizontally. It is, 

 therefore, concluded that the inclination may be largely due to sub- 

 sequent contraction of the marl under pressure and loss of moisture. 



1 Eep. Brit. Assoc. (Leicester) 1907, p. 505 ; see also Geoh Mag. dec, 5, vol. v 

 (1908) p. 354. 



