410 ME. BERNAKD SMITH ON THE [Sept. I9I2, 



also found in a gravel-pit north-west of Hallthwaite Church, and 

 on Millom Park. 



At the flood-tide of glaciation the Whicham Yalley was filled 

 chiefly by ice moving southwards from the high ground west of the 

 Duddon. Some of this ice overrode the northern slopes of Black 

 Combe, and helped to fill the valleys tributary to the Whicham 

 Yalley. Between Ulpha Park, Thwaites Fell, and Prior Park, about 

 the head of Black Beck, a large. tract of undulating ground, rising 

 over 1000 feet, is covered by reddish-brown boulder-clay derived 

 almost entirely from volcanic rocks, upon which it also lies. 



Craggy ground on the north-east side of Black Beck, opposite 

 Swinside Fell, furnishes proof, in its moulded surfaces, of the 

 southward movement of the ice. Boulder-clay is plastered on the 

 northern slopes of Knott Hill, which split the ice-stream until it 

 was swamped beneath it. Just below the 900-foot contour the 

 eastern face of the hill is beautifully smoothed, while trails of 

 boulders are directed in a southerly direction along the southern 

 slopes. The line of confluence JDctween this ice and that from the 

 Duddon Valley is marked by a boulder-covered ridge, about half a 

 mile long, Avhich terminates east of Baystone Reservoir. 



In the western half of Millom Park the southerly direction was 

 maintained, and slate-debris was dragged up on to the volcanic 

 rocks above Sandholes Wood. A boulder of ash, measuring 15 x 8 

 feet, lies near the same spot ; but over the whole of the above-men- 

 tioned area the most conspicuous, though not necessarily prevalent, 

 type of boulder is a reddish quartz-porphyry, similar to those which 

 occur (among other places) in situ near Seathwaite, in the Duddon 

 Valley. 



Ice pressed through the gap (300 to 400 feet above O.D.) be- 

 tween Millom Park and Lowscales Bank, filling the hollow south 

 of the latter with boulder-claj^ containing well-glaciated frag- 

 ments of Skiddaw Slate. On Pohouse Bank a boulder of banded 

 ash, measuring llx8|x6J feet, which rests at 550 feet, may 

 have been quarried from a lower position on Lowscales Bank, but 

 its glaciated appearance suggests that it came from a greater 

 distance. Moutonne surfaces show that the Whicham- Valley ice 

 was there, turning to the south-east in obedience to the thrust 

 of the Irish-Sea ice, which pressed into the mouth of the valley. 

 Boulder-clay is chiefly confined to the lower parts of the valley and 

 to the gentler slopes upon its sides ; it is said to be very thick at 

 Baystone Reservoir. 



There are three well-marked valleys opening on the Whicham 

 Valley north-east of Black Combe summit. Ice crossed the water- 

 shed in a south-easterly direction into the first of these — that of 

 Whicham Beck, the northern side of which is still filled with drift. 



In the valley of Stoupdale Beck a number of boulders of pale 

 quartz-porphyry and of Stoneside Andesite (p. 406) occur at 1250 feet 

 immediately south of Stoupdale Crags. The andesites have been 

 carried directly over the watershed from their position in situ. 



Below the falls, about a third of a mile down stream, the cliff on the 



