414 MR. BERNARD SMITH ON THE [Sept. 1912^ 



peat}' land — probably not filled-in tarns, but due to growth of peat 

 on swamp}' land formed, on the sandy drift covering the sand- 

 stone. 



On Cieator Moor ^ reddish-brown Boulder Clay, with boulders- 

 chiefly of Ennerdale Syenite and trap, rested on a striated surface 

 of Carboniferous Limestone, the striae being between north-east 

 and north-north-east. The sandstone of St. Bees Head also is 

 finely striated at 300 feet from north 30° east.^ Between St. Bees 

 and Gosforth there is a succession of knolls and plateaux of sand and 

 gravel, the whole being underlain by boulder-clay near sea-level. 



Immediately south of Seascale the drifts consist of alternations 

 of sandy boulder-beds and streaks of stony-clay loam. Boulders on 

 the beach reach 3 feet or more in diameter, and pieces of St. Bees. 

 Sandstone were found measuring up to 2 feet in greatest diameter. 



Criffel Granite occurs as far inland as Gosforth, immediately 

 north of which place boulder-loam and sand, beneath fine sand and 

 gravel, rest directly upon iSTew Bed Sandstone. Lower Boulder 

 Clay ^ makes its appearance at the railway-station and on tho 

 sea-beach at Ravenglass. 



(iii) Hycemoor to Haverigg. — Red boulder-clay was atone 

 time dug at the Bootle tile-works, about a mile north-west of 

 Hycemoor. On Hycemoor (Bootle) beach boulders of various 

 types of volcanic rock and of Eskdale Granite, up to 2 feet in 

 length (near low-water mark — 9 feet), were collected. Smaller 

 granites and porphyrites resemble those of Dumfries and the north- 

 west of Scotland. Ennerdale Granophyre was also found. Among" 

 the sedimentary rocks were boulders of St. Bees Sandstone, up to 

 8 inches in length, and yellow and purple micaceous sandstones, 

 enclosing small flakes of red marl. Coarse grits, grauwackes, 

 purple and green-banded grits and mudstones, and greenish 

 hornfels, with glacial striae, were also represented. 



About a mile farther south the low cliff" consists of 12 feet or 

 more of tough red sandy clay, sometimes with a sandy top. It 

 contained boulders throughout, one of St. Bees Sandstone being 

 18 inches long. South of the Eiver Annas, near Annaside, the 

 cliff, which is there 82 feet high, consists chieflj- of red loamy 

 clay capped by yellowish sand. About 20 or 30 feet above the 

 beach there is a coarse conglomeratic boulder-bed 4 feet thick. 

 Some 80 yards fai-ther south the cliff is capped by a grey clay; 

 while the beach is strewn with large fallen calcreted blocks of 

 the conglomerate, which is continuous in the clay for quite a mile 

 farther. A boulder of Eskdale Granite measured 12x12x8 feet. 



1 D. Mackintosh, ' On the Origin of the Drifts, so-called Moi-aines, & 

 Glaciated Eock-Surfaces of the Lake District' Geol. Mag. toI. vii (1870) 

 p. 459. 



^ Id. 'On the Drifts of the West & South Borders of the Lake District, &■ 

 on the Three Great Granitic Dispersions' Ibid. vol. viii (1871) p. 250. 



3 Pnd. p. 254. 



