420 ME. BERNARD SMITH ON THE [Sept. I9 I 2, 



(iii) Whicham to Duddon Estuary. — The Boulder Clay, 

 swingiug round the shoulder of Black Combe, is traceable to the 

 back (west) of Whicham lleetory, and next appears upon the 

 opposite side of the valley south of Pohouse, about a mile from the 

 valley-mouth. Under Nicle Wood and Lacra Bank it is rather 

 sandy, and contains slates, red sandstone, granites, granophyres, 

 and volcanic rocks. On the western slope of Lacra Bank it is 

 largely composed of the underlying slates, and rises to over 300 

 feet ; it sinks to below 200 feet under Kirksanton Bank, but 

 granite boulders are found as high as 400 feet. On the south- 

 eastern slopes of Harrath Hill (west of Millom) the drift is reddish, 

 and granite boulders rise no higher than 200 feet. 



At King's Quarry, Millom, more than 4 feet of red clay rests 

 upon the Coniston Plags, and Mackintosh ^ records red clay with 

 boulders of Eskdale Grainte, resting upon a beautifully striated 

 surface of Carboniferous Limestone (about half a mile south of the 

 station), in which most of the striations point north-eastwards. He 

 concludes that the glaciating agent and the carrying agent were 

 not the same, assuming that the glaciating agent moved in a south- 

 westerl}' direction out of the Duddon Estuary. On the contrary, 

 however, the granitic drift of the maximum glaciation was carried 

 some distance up the centre of the Duddon Estuary,^ aud appears 

 again at 70 feet above sea-level on Dunnerholme, upon the east side 

 of the estuary. Mackintosh ^ however, describes it as being Upper 

 Boulder Clay 2 to 5 feet thick — a i^ed loamy clay,^ well charged 

 with rounded and half-rounded stones, slate, porphyry, and granite, 

 raany much more rounded than those at the base of the cliff. 

 Granites also occur over the ground stretching a mile north-east 

 of Dunnerholme ; and at a small quarry near Gargreave, about 250 

 feet above the sea, the slates were planed down and slightly grooved 

 10° west of north. 



YIII. Distribution of Scottish Boulders. 



The distribution of boulders of CrifFel Granite in the drifts of the 

 coast, as a whole, has been so fully described by Mackintosh and 

 others '' that I need say no more than that my own observations 

 confirm or strengthen those of previous investigators. North of the 

 district here described the eastern boundary of the Criffel Drift 



1 ' On the Drifts of the West & South Borders of the Lake District, &c.' 

 Geol. Mag. vol. viii (1871) pp. 304-305. This may be the exposure at Eedhill 

 Quarry shown on the 6-inch Geological Survey map, about three-quarters of a 

 mile south-south-east of the station. 



^ The Irish-Sea ice seems to have received its tributaries on the outer sides 

 of convex bands, in much the same way as some rivers do. Mr. J. D. Kendall 

 recognized that the boulder-current was deflected up to the Vale of Duddon 

 near Millom. 



3 'On the Correlation, Nature, & Origin of the Drifts of North-West 

 Lancashire & a Part of Cumberland, &c.' Q. J. G. S. vol. xxv (1869) p. 425. 



^ The kind of Lower Boulder Clay that we might expect to find in such a 

 position. 



5 See references on p. 403. 



