422 



MR. BERNARD SMITH ON THE 



[Sept. 19 1 2, 



shaped lateral moraines occur on and above the 700-foot contour, 

 with a north-and-south trend, but swing round to the south-west 

 and west, and cross the contours immediately south of the Fell 

 road from Bootle to Broughton. 



jN'o true moraines were seen upon 

 the western, slopes of Black Combe, for 

 the steep descent and the general ab- 

 sence of ice-free ledges would probably 

 forbid any great accumulation of 

 morainic matter. On Butcher's Breast, 

 however, Eskdale Granite and Borrow- 

 dale erratics are clustered between the 

 600- and 700-foot contours, and there 

 is another patch above the 1000-foot 

 level north of the head of Hallfoss Beck. 

 South of Monkfoss Beck,^ also, is 

 an interesting trail of boulders, of the 

 nature of a moraine, between the 800- 

 and 1000-foot contours. The erratics 

 consist chiefly of boulders of Eskdale 

 Granite,^ the largest of which, the 

 ' Broughton Stone,' measures 8x9x5 

 feet, while another measures 6x5x3 

 feet. There are also boulders of an- 

 desite, volcanic breccia (7 feet long : 

 probably from Caldbeck, containing 

 fragments averaging 4 to 6 inches in 

 length, but up to 2 feet maximum), 

 banded ashes, and pale quartz-porphyry 

 like that exposed at the foot of Holegill 

 Beck. 



Small moraines occur in the Combes 

 upon the south-east side of Black 

 Combe; but, since they belong to a late 

 stage of the glaciation, they will be re- 

 ferred to in another section (p. 446). 



The Whicham and Duddon Valleys 

 are, on the whole, free from moraines, 

 but in the latter there is (about 8 miles 

 due east of the mouth of Eskdale) a 

 splendid example of a lateral moraine under Walna Scar near Sea- 

 thwaite. Mackintosh ^ describes this ' great wonder of the Duddon 

 Valley ' as a post-marine lateral moraine, probably formed by a 

 shallow glacier. 



^ Mackintosh refers to an ' ice-floe load ' of boulders on a plateau, on the 

 south side of tlie upper part of Foss Beck, at a heiglit of about 1000 feet, 

 discovered by Mr. Eccleston of Carlisle : be probably alludes to this group. 

 See Geol. Mag. vol. viii (1871) pp. 255, 256. 



- Mr. J. D. Kendall also records boulders of Eskdale Granite at 1000 feet. 

 See Trans. Cumberland Assoc, pt. v (1879-80) p. 155. 



3 Geol. Mag. vol. viil (1871) pp. 30G-307. 



