Tol. 68.] GLACIATION OF THE BLACK COMBE DISTEICT. 4^25 



time progressed definite channels were cut through these first- 

 formed deposits, in many cases into solid rock, by swiftly-running 

 streams carrying a full burden of gravel and gritty sand. 



(a) The Barnscar Channel. — The first of the drainage- 

 channels to be described occurs about a mile north-east of Bridge 

 End, east of Eskmeals Station. It is a shallow trough in granite, 

 -20 to 30 yards wide, with a dry flat bottom, except at its southern 

 •end, where a small stream rises and joins Black Beck on an alluvial 

 flat near Stainton Farm. This channel was probably excavated by 

 the water which cut the channel that will be next described. The 

 ground between them is low, and was occupied either by a small 

 lake, or by a lobe of ice through, or across, which the water flowed. 

 (See map, PI. XLIII.) 



(h) The Kinmout (Welcome j^ook and Low Kinmont) 

 'Channel. — This channel commences rather vaguely, as a dry 

 'valley, near Grange Farm, just above the 400-foot contour, about 

 three-quarters of a mile south-east of Bridge End. Immediately 

 ■south of Welcome ]Nook, however, where it makes a bend to the 

 east round a rather steep hillside more than half a mile from its 

 head, it is quite prominent. The flat marshy alluvial bottom, about 

 90 yards wide, is traversed only by a narrow drainage-ditch, almost 

 too small to carry ofl" the accumulated water (PI. XLI, fig. 2). The 

 floor of the channel crosses the 400-foot contour at Welcome Nook, 

 and the depth of the valley is from 60 to 70 feet. The walls then 

 become less prominent, but south of the point where the Iliver Annas 

 crosses the valley near Foldgate, the profile of the (now dry) valley 

 becomes once more pronounced. A few small hanging becks then 

 tumble into the valley, and unite to form a little tributary to 

 Kinmont Beck. Granite is exposed at several points, but especiall}' 

 near Low Kinmont, where the valley, which is quite 30 feet 

 deep, comes to an end, its floor being slightly above 300 feet O.D. 

 The channel is thus about 2| miles long, and its floor falls 40 feet 

 per mile. 



(c) The Corney Channel. — At an average distance of a third 

 of a mile west of that just described, another channel is still more 

 strikingly developed. Commencing in granite, well below the 400- 

 foot contour, at a point almost due west of Welcome Nook, it makes 

 a convex bend to the west for half a mile, and then turns southwards, 

 its floor crossing the 300-foot contour about a quarter of a mile 

 north of Gillfoot, near which place it is fully 100 feet deep and 

 quite dry. 



The PJver Annas enters on the east immediately south of 

 Gillfoot, through a steep-sided gorge which forms a cross-cut from 

 the Kinmont Channel near Foldgate. An alluvial cone is thrown 

 across the valley by the river, which then turns southwards. At 

 the southern point of entry of the river, boulder-beds (with St. Bees 

 Sandstone) capping stratified granite-sand were noticed, resting 



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