Vol. 6S.~\ GLACIATION OP THE BLACK COMBE DISTRICT. 443 



The greater part lies between 140 and 160 feet, but rises nearly up 

 to the 200-foot level at its western end. A gravel-pit at the cross- 

 roads at Sandholes Wood showed beds of stratified sand, gravel, 

 and boulder-gravel. Some of the sandy bands were false-bedded, the 

 dip of the thickest layer observed being to the east; others dip 

 northwards. 



The boulders are all Borrowdale rocks, with the exception of a 

 few of pinkish quartz-porphyry or granophyre. In the finer gravels 

 there are a few granite-pebbles, and slate is common. Much of the 

 sand is of Triassic origin, and contains rolled lumps of reddish cla}^ 

 (like that of Silecroft brickyard), pebbles of Triassic sandstone 

 (maximum diameter = 3 inches), and pieces of marl. 



I consider this deposit to be also of a torrential and deltaic 

 nature, chiefly 'due to the re-arrangement of material formed on 

 the slopes of Millom Park at a slightly higher level and at a slightly 

 earlier date, before the opening of the Gill-Scar Channel. Some of 

 the Triassic material, and perhaps also sand and small boulders, 

 may have been floated to the spot by icebergs, and incorporated in 

 the deposit when it was undergoing re-arrangement. 

 , The floor of the Gill-Scar intake being somewhere near 170 feet, 

 it is clear that the emptying of the lake below this level required 

 another exit, which appears to have been furnished by the with- 

 drawal of the ice from the mouth of the valley and the opening-up 

 of a pathway for the escaping water (perhaps through the ice) at 

 its southern end. The reversal of flow may account, in part at 

 least, for the southerly and south-westerly dip observed in places 

 in the uppermost layers of the sands and gravels (p. 441). 



East of Nicle Wood there is a saddle, which might be taken 

 for an abandoned outflow- channel cut in the hillside. The 

 notch, however, seems to be a natural gap due to differential 

 weathering, the Skiddaw Slate of Mcle Wood being stiffened by a 

 small intrusion. The floor of the saddle is covered by boulder- 

 clay. 



A temporary check gave rise to the 100-foot beach-line, after 

 which the lake-barrier seems to have consisted entirely of drift, ^ 

 and the life of the lake depended upon the time required for the 

 overflowing water to cut its narrow valley (now occupied by the 

 Whicham Beck) down to the level of the lake-bottom (flg. 17, p. 444). 



A series of similar mounds of fluvioglacial material occupies the 

 low ground north of the outskirts of Millom, and extends north- 

 wards for about a mile. It occurs at Pannet Hill at 100 feet O.D., 

 and at a little lower level near Beck Parm, where 6 feet of coarsel}'- 

 bedded Triassic sand is covered by 8 feet or more of gravel containing 

 boulders and patches of reddish clay. Granites, red sandstones, 

 and shingly slate-fragments occur here, as well as the usual assem- 

 blage of volcanic rocks. 



The sand which rises from the alluvium as a low hill at Millom 

 Castle appears to be part of an out wash fan in front of the coarser 



1 These deposits were noticed by Mr. J. D. Kendall, who, however, ascribed 

 to them a very different origin. 



