460 PROF. E.J. GAEAYOOD ON THE LOWER CARBOXIFEEOUS [DeC. I912, 



in "bridging the gap T^hich has so far appeared to exist in its 

 vertical distribution.^ 



Lithology. — The character of the beds indicates shallo^v-water 

 conditions following on the subsidence of a pre-Carboniferous area. 

 The base of the zone is usually, but not always, composed of 

 unfossiliferous conglomerate and red and yellow sandstones. 

 Locally, as at the foot of Uilswater, north of Ivirkby Lonsdale, 

 and in the neighbourhood of Sedbergh, the beds are underlain by a 

 coarse jDolygenetic conglomerate which has been attributed by 

 several writers to torrential accumulations, laid down either in 

 Upper Devonian or in Lower Carboniferous times. 



The deposits near the base of the sub-zone are essentially shaly 

 maguesian limestones ; while, in the upper portion, the beds are 

 more compact, and are frequently porcellanous, especially in the 

 Ivaveustonedale District. Many of the beds are almost unfossili- 

 ferous, and often contain drusy cavities. The detailed characters 

 vary from place to place, and will be best described under the 

 different districts. 



Flora. 



Soloiopora garwoodl, sp. iiov. Hiude 



MS. 

 ArchceoaigiUaria vanuxcmi Giippert. 



Indeterminable 

 abundant. 



remains, frequently 



Paima. 



smith.ii (Younor & 



Hyolustelia cf. 

 Young). R."-' 



Aulopora sp. 



Sgringopora cf. reiiculata Goldf. 

 Syringopora cf. distans Fischer. 

 Vaughania dcistoporoides gen. et 



sp. nov. (limited to special Baud). 

 Zaphrcntis aff. costata (M'Coy). R, 

 Zaphrenih dcnsa Carr. R. 

 Zophrentxs JconincJcl Ed. k H. R. 

 Zaplirentis omaliusi Ed. & H. 



ArchcBocidaris sp. 

 PaltBchinus lacazei Jnlian. 



Spirorbis cf. capered us M'Coy. R. 



Fcnestella nodidosa Phill. 

 Fcnestella plehcia Portl. 



Crania quadrata M'Coy. 

 Orhiculoidea sp. 



Athyris glahristria (Phill.). Abundant. 

 AthyriscL hancllosa (L''E\e\\le). R. 

 Caraaroioechia proava (Phill.) (limited 



to special Band). 

 Dcrbya sp. 



I'roductus cf. glohosus sp. nov. 



Productus cf. picnctatus Mart. 



P roduct us py xidiformis de Kon. R. 



Bcticularia cf. lineata (Mart.). 



Bhynchonclla sp. 



BhyncJiotreta angulata (Linn.)- M. 



Schellwienella crenlstria (Phill.). 



Scminida a&.Jicoides Yaughan. 



Spinfer clathratus M'Coy. R. 



Spn-iferina cf. octoplkata (Sby.). 



Modiola cf. lata (Portl.). S. 



Comdaria quadrisulcata Shy. 

 EiiOiHphalus sp., large. 

 Murchisonia sp. 

 Straparollus sp. 



Orthoceras sp. 



Kirkhya costata Jones. R. 

 Lepcrditia. 



Ddtodus gancoodi, sp. nov. Smith 



AYoodward. 

 Pleuroplax sp. uov. 

 Psephodus cf. magnus (M'Coy). 



^ This form, together with other calcareous algte from the Lower Carboni- 

 ferous rocks of Britain, will shortly be described by Dr. G. J. Hinde, F.R.S. 



- S^limited to the Shap District; R=limited to the Ravenstonedale 

 District; M = limited to Meathop (Arnside District). 



