Tol. 68.] succEssroiq' in the north-west op England. 483 



'the district, between the Eamont and Great Ashy. This species 

 •has long been known from the Yoredale beds of Durham and 

 JSTorthumberland, and the horizon at which it occurs in the Shap 

 District appears to agree with its lowest-known occurrence in 

 JSTorthumberland. The index-fossil is associated with Productus 

 edelburgensis, Pr. latissimus, aud Aidopliyllum cf. pacJiyendotJiecmn. 

 The band is also marked by the absence of Lomdalia Jioriformis 

 and Cyathopliiillum rer/ium, characteristic forms in the underlying 

 beds. 



The higher Yoredale beds, as stated above, are separated 

 'locally as a matter of convenience. They are characterized by the 

 •abundance of Dihunopliyllum muirJieadi, which, however, is found 

 also, locally, in the Lonsdalia Beds below. This species occurs in 

 ■great abundance in many of the Upper Yoredale limestones, 

 notably the Great or Main Limestones, and persists into the 

 'Botany Beds in the Pennine Area. The division includes all the 

 beds, from the Little Strickland or Tyne-Bottom Limestone to 

 the highest limestone at Botany in the Middleton-in-Teesdale 

 District. In the Shap District the majority of these beds are 

 -almost devoid of fossils; but in the Pennine District many of the 

 dimestones, such as the ' Great ' and ' Four-Fathom,' are highly 

 fossiliferous, and abound in specimens oi Dlhunophyllum muirlieadi, 

 Lonsdalia Jioriformis, Productus c/iyanteus, Pr. latissimus, etc. : 

 many of the shales, and occasionally also the sandstones, are 

 fossiliferous. 



(/J 13) The Botany Beds {Philli]ysastr(Ba Band). 



This band is formed of calcareous shales and limestones, and is 

 about 30 feet thick. It is situated high up in the series of grits 

 and shales coloured as ' Millstone Grit ' in the Geological Survey 

 maps. The fauna is of considerable interest, and includes numerous 

 -specimens of Bihunopliyllum muirJteadi, together with species of 

 Productus and Spirifer characteristic of the higher limestones of 

 Derbyshire. It is the highest truly marine fauna met with in the 

 Lower Carboniferous beds of the jN^orth-Western Province, and 

 -contains thin reefs of Phillipsastrcea radiata. 



(2) The Kirkby Lonsdale or South-Western type. — 

 This type is developed only in the southern portion of the area 

 west of the Craven and Dent Faults. It is exposed in three 

 districts: namely, in the country south of Kirkby Lonsdale; in 

 the neighbourhood of Gleaston and Little Urswick, in the Furness 

 District ; and in two small inliers south of Carnforth, in the Arnside 

 District. It differs from the Yoredale type just described by 

 the almost total absence of limestone, except at the base, and by 

 the affinities which many of its fossils exhibit to those of Derby- 

 shire and the ' KnoU-Eeef ' country south of the Craven Faults. 

 The two inliers of limestone which occur in the Millstone Grit 

 south of Carnforth, although much crushed, contain patches of 

 highly fossiliferous rock. We can. best regard them as the western 



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