Yol. 68.] SUCCESSION IN IHE NORTH-WEST OE ENGLAND. 



493 



The C7ionetes-aff. comoides Band is well developed in 

 this district. It lies about 20 feet below the summit of the Lower 

 Dihmophyllum Sub-zone, and is well exposed on the line of section 

 at Grandy, close to Oddendale Earm, and elsewhere along the 

 strike, notably on Gathorn Plain. 



Fauna. 



NematopTiyllum (Lithostrotiou) 



minus M'Coy. 

 Lithostrotion junceiim (Flem.). 

 Lithostrotion portlocki (Bronn). 

 DibmwphyUum muirheadi Nich. 



Thomson. 



cf. 



Chonetes aff. comoides (Sby.). 

 Baviesiella cf. llangollensis (Dav.). 



(young). 

 Cyrtina septosa (Pbill.). 

 Froductus sfj-iattfs FiBcher. 

 Productus hemisphericus Sby. 

 Froductus cf. maximus M'Coy. 



This band is succeeded by about 20 feet of a dark nodular lime- 

 stone, which is almost devoid of fossils. 



The Upper Dihunophyllum Sub-zone: The Lonsdalla 

 Beds. — In the Shap District the rocks of this sub-zone belong to 

 the Eastern or Yoredale type described above. The massive Knipe- 

 Scar Limestone is everywhere overlain in this district by a thiu 

 sandstone which forms the base of the Yoredale Series, and 

 this may conveniently be taken as the base of the Upper Dibuno-^ 

 phylluni Sub-zone. The three lowest limestones, from the Askham 

 to the Maulds-Meaburn Limestone inclusive, contain Lonsdcdia 

 Horiformis. 



On the Geological Survey map the Askham Limestone is. 

 correlated with the middle portion of the Melmerby-Scar Lime- 

 stone of the Pennine escarpment ; but, as shown below, the 

 Melmerby-Scar Limestone contains the upper portion of the 

 Nematophyllum-minus Sub-zone and the Lower Dibunojjhyllum 

 Sub-zone, and is therefore the equivalent of the Knipe-Scar- 

 Limestone of the Shap District. 



The Askham Limestone and the beds immediately overlying it are 

 best examined at Wintertarn Quarry, about 2 miles north-west of 

 Oddendale, the point to which the line of section is transferred. 



The Girvanella Band occurs near the base of Wintertain- 

 Quarry, close to the lime-kiln, the nodules being stained with 

 haematite : fossils are scarce, but Lonsdcdia Jloriformis, Chonetes 

 cf. Gompressa Sibly, and Puynax pugnus occur, A small exposure- 

 in the overlying limestone has also yielded specimens of Lonsdalia. 

 The same beds may be further examined on Wickerslack Moor, 

 where they contain reefs of Lithostrotion junceum at the base and 

 Cyathophyllmn regium near their summit. Farther north the 

 band forms an outlier on Outscar, where it contains a fairly ricli 

 and characteristic fauna. At Thorp, on the extreme northern 

 border of Westmorland, the band is again met with, and the 

 nodules are here also stained by hsematite. 



The Lonsdalia Beds are well exposed in the neighbour- 

 hood of Haber, west of Crosby Eavensworth ; and on Bank Moor,. 



