502 PEOF. E. J. GAEWOOD OX THE LOWEE CAEBONTFEEOTJS [DeC. igi2,. 



to the tj'pical form at least two variants occur. A new species 

 of Lophophyllum {L. aslifellense) found here is of interest : it was 

 provided with strong roots, w^hich seem to have heen attached 

 in several cases to specimens of LitJiostrotion martini. The most 

 abundant fossils are, however, Sjnriferina laminosa and Seminula 

 amhiyua. 



Fauna. 



Fugnax pleurodooi (Phill.). 

 Seminula aonhigua (Sbv.) ; abundant. 

 Spirifer cf. hisulcatu^ Sby. 

 Spirifcrina laminosa (M'Ooy); 

 abundant. 



AvicaJopectcn cf. dissimilis (Flem.). 

 Conocardimn aliforme Sbj-. 

 Edmondia sp. 

 Sangui)wliles sp. 



Xaticojysis sp. 

 Fleurotovicrria sp. 



Produs sp. (?). 

 Psephodus magnus M'Cov. 

 Strehlodus cf. oblong us Portl. 



Alveolites etheridgi Thomson. 

 Lophophyllum ashfelleu^e, sp. nov. 

 Litkostrotion onartini M.-Ed. 

 Zaphrentis enniskilleni ]\I.-Ed. & 

 variants. 



Spirorhis sp. 



Cliotliyris cf. roysd (L'Eveille). 



Gamaroplioria isoThyncha (Sby.). (De- 

 rived.) 



Productus corrugato-hemuphericus, 

 Vaughan. 



Productus hemisphericus, Sby. 



Productus laciniatuH M'Coj^ 



Productus piistiolosus Phill. 



Productus cf. punctatus Sby. 



Eeticularia sp. 



The fauna, as a whole, is of shallow-water character, and appears, 

 to result from a slight falling-off in the deposition of arenaceous 

 material. 



The Cyrtina-carbonaria Sub-zone. — The lowest rocks 

 overlying the Ashfell Sandstone consist of a few feet of compact 

 grey limestone, poor in fossils. They contain, however, masses of 

 LitJiostrotion martini in the position of growth, together with a few 

 specimens of Cyrtina near their summit. They pass up into rather 

 more flaggy limestones, Avhich are often erow^ded with fossils, 

 especially Cyrtina carhonaria and Syrinyopora geniculata, together 

 with an abundance of small gastropods. The fossils are frequently 

 replaced by beekite. This sub-zone is better exposed along the^ 

 summit of Ashfell Edge than elsewhere in "Westmorland. The 

 fauna has already been tabulated on p. 471. 



The Nematoj)JiyUum -minus Sub -zone consists of the 

 usual grey platy limestones. It occupies a considerable stretch 

 of country on the dip side of the escarpment on Ash Pell, where 

 several good exposures occur. The fauna is in no respect different 

 from that Avhich occurs in the Shap District, and there is the same 

 absence of the shaly Clionetes-papilionacea Beds which are so 

 characteristic of the upper portion of this sub-zone in the districts. 

 on the west. 



The Bryozoa Band is especially well-developed on Ash Fell,, 

 and is exposed in Blue Quarries on the north side of the road. 



