Vol. 68.] sTJCCEssjoisr in the noeth-west or England. 517 



On the other hand, the succession agrees with that in the Shap 

 and Ravenstonedale Districts in the presence of the Gyrtina- 

 carbonaria Sub-zone and the Thysanophyllum-pseudovermiculare 

 Band. It differs, therefore, from the development noted in the 

 Ariiside District by the presence of these horizons, which are 

 absent from that district and from the districts farther west. 



The district is directly continuous with the Arnside District on 

 the south, but is otherwise bounded by Silurian rocks. On the west 

 the beds that form magnificent escarpments of Cunswick Scar and 

 Scout Scar rest unconformably upon a platform of Bannisdale 

 Slates ; while on the east the Carboniferous rocks are again brought 

 against the Silurian by the great fault which passes through Kendal 

 and runs southwards, past Parlton to the neighbourhood of 

 Lancaster. A small offshoot of this main fault near Kettlewell, 

 immediately north-west of Kendal, brings up a fragment of the 

 lower beds on the east, and thus the Michelinia Zone is exposed on 

 both sides of the district. 



At four places outliers of Lower Carboniferous rocks are preserved 

 on the Silurian platform to the east, namely : at Skelsmergh, Gray- 

 rigg, Strickley, and Low Bendrigg ; they may, for convenience, be 

 included in this district. A fifth outlier, lying on the eastern edge 

 of the district, occurs immediately west of Summerlands ; and, 

 although it appears on the 1-inch map of the Geological Survey as 

 forming part of the main mass of Carboniferous Limestone lying to 

 the west of the Kendal Fault, it belongs really, as shown by its fauna, 

 to the eastern or upthrow side of the fault. All these five outliers 

 are composed of beds belonging to the Seminula-gregaria Sub-zone, 

 and with the exception of that near Summerlands, to be described 

 later, call for no special description. The Grayrigg outlier 

 contains the whole of the sub-zone, from the Algal Layer up to the 

 Thysanophyllum Band, and includes also a few feet of the overlying 

 Lower Michelinia Beds with Cyatliopliyllwn cf. multilamellatum . 

 The development is identical with that observed at Brigsteer ; but 

 the beds are much altered, and for the greater part unfossiliferous. 

 The finest exposure of the upper beds occurs in an old quarry 

 west of Cockin . 



It will be best first to describe the development of the zones in 

 the northern portion of the district, where excellent exposures 

 occur, and afterwards to mention a few points of interest exhibited 

 by the beds in the southern portion. The general dip is eastward, 

 and averages from about 5° to 8° ; but in the southern portion 

 the beds roll slightly, and the dip changes locally. 



(1) The Northern Portion. 



The slope of the country as shown in the section (PI. LVI, fig. 3) 

 very nearly coincides with the dip of the rocks, and the greater 

 portion of the surface is occupied by the beds of the Nemato- 

 phyllum-minus Sub-zone. 



