Vol. 6S.] SUCCESSION IN THE NOKTH-WEST OE ENGLAND. 521 



The Lower Dihunophyllum Sub- zone is only represented 

 by a small thickness of limestone in the ' Serpentine Walks.* 



(2) The Southern Portion. 



From Erigsteer as far south as Gilpin Bridge and the mouth of 

 the Kent, the lower beds are a continuation of the sequence 

 described above. The dip is uniformly eastward, and the beds of 

 the Seminula-gregaria Sub-zone form a low cliff, bordering the 

 Gilpin estuary. They crop out at the surface in Erigsteer Park, 

 •and are also well exposed in a series of old quarries in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Cinderbarrow ; but the beds are here almost devoid of 

 fossils. The overlying Miclielinia Eeds extend somewhat farther 

 east in the neighbourhood of Sizergh Castle. To the east of Sizergh 

 €in interesting inlier of the upper portions of the Miclielinia Zone 

 •occurs in the valley of the Kent (the Kent Inlier), between 

 Hawes Eridge and Levens Park. The beds are disposed in a broad 

 anticlinal fold, the axis of which strikes east and west ; locally, 

 however, the dip is modified by several minor folds, some of which 

 are well shown in the river-bank between Sedgwick and Levens. 



The Clisio2)hyUum-mnltise2:)tatum BsiJid is exposed above 

 Hawes Eridge, and the beds here contain the general assemblage 

 found at Elackstone Point ; while, near the southern end of the 

 inlier, somewhat lower beds are found, which have yielded Miclie,- 

 linia grandis, Cyathojyliyllum multilamellatum, and other common 

 Arnside species. 



The Nematopliyllam-minus Sub-zone, which forms the 

 southern end of Scout Scar, does not extend far southwards, the 

 southernmost exposure where N. minus has been found occurring 

 behind Grate Farm. East of the Kent Inlier the Gastropod Eeds 

 come on, but the N -minus Beds are again met with in the railway- 

 cutting south-west of Oxenholme Junction, about half a mile 

 east of ISTatland : here the beds are much crushed and altered by 

 their proximity to the Kendal Fault. No beds belonging to the 

 DihimoiDliylluin Zone have been traced in this portion of the 

 district. South of the Kent drainage-area the geological structure 

 of the district becomes more complicated. The country is heavily 

 covered with drift, and very few exposures occur : this is especially 

 the case in the eastern portion of the area. The chief feature is an 

 important disturbance running in a general east-and-west direction 

 in the neighbourhood of Hincaster, between Levens Hall and 

 Heversham. Owing to the absence of any outcrop south of Stain- 

 ton, it is impossible to gauge the extent or direction of this dis- 

 turbance ; to the south of it, however, we find massive limestones 

 that belong to the Lower Dibunojohyllum Sub-zone dipping due 

 northwards at 25° to 30°, and forming the high ground between 

 Leasgill and High Greeuside, immediately north-east of Heversham. 

 This dip would carry them under the Miclielinia Eeds in the Kent 



