Vol. OS.] STJCCESSIOX IX THE NOETH-WEST OF ENGLAND. 527 



between that of the Kendal and that of the Aruside District. It 

 differs from the North Kendal succession, chiefi}- in the more pro- 

 nounced development of the Chonetes-papilionacea Beds near the 

 summit of the Nematoplvjllurii-minus Sub-zone. 



The Seminula-gregavia Sub-zone consists, as usual, of 

 sparingh" fossiliferous, purple, magnesian limestones with Seminula 

 aff. Jicoidea and Cijrtina of. carhonaria. They are exposed along 

 the foot of the escarpment between Cat Crag and Strickland Hall ; 

 and a few feet belonging to the same horizon occur also at the base 

 of the section at Beck Head, in the Whitbarrow portion of the block. 



The Tlijjsanopliyllum Band crops out behind the old lime- 

 kiln between Broad Oak and Bow, but appears to die away south- 

 wards before reaching Beck Head. 



The Brownber Pebble-Bed has not been traced so far west ; 

 but a single specimen of Syrinfjothyris cuspidaia was collected in a 

 compact gritty layer near the base of the escarpment. Spirifer 

 furcatus, however, is met with plentifully at Beck Head and at 

 Cat Crag ; and the bed in which it occurs may be correlated with 

 the Sp.-farcatus Band at the summit of Meathop Fell. 



The Camaroplioria-isorhynclia Sub-zone is found in 

 several exposures at the foot of both of the escarpments, notably 

 at Cat-Crag Cottage and Long-Howe End, and again between Beck 

 Head and Witherslack Hall. 



The Clionetes-carinata Sub -zone which succeeds in both 

 sections is perfectly normal, though thin, and contains all the 

 •common species found at Arnside ; while the overlying Clisio- 

 pliyllum-multiseptatuin Band is also represented. Both horizons 

 are exposed above Broad Oak and west of Long-Howe End, and 

 iigaiu in an old quarry opposite St. Paul's Church. The over- 

 lying beds call for no very special description ; their general 

 distribution is shown on the accompanjnng map (PI. LIV). 



The CyiHina- carhonaria Sub -zone has practically died 

 out here; but the Nematopjhyllum-minus Beds are thick as well as 

 fossiliferous, and near the summit contain layers rich in Chonetes 

 papilionacea. Both the N -minus Beds and the Gastropod Beds are 

 well exposed at the southern end of Whitbarrow behind Low Eell 

 End. The highest beds met Avith occur in the small outlier at 

 Gilpin Bank ; they belong to the npper ' spotted ' beds, and cannot 

 lie far below the base of the Upper Dlhanopjliyllum Sub-zone. The 

 Chonetes-Q^^. comoides Band has not, however, been noticed in this 

 block. 



The Hampsfell block is separated from the Yewbarrow 

 block by a tract of Silurian rocks about 3 miles wide ; it lies to the 

 south-west, and forms the largest spread of Lower Carboniferous 

 rocks in the Grange District. It includes the peninsula of 

 Humphrey Head, and the detached outliers of Holme Island and 

 Hazel Kigg. It forms a lenticular mass stretching for about 

 <S miles in a north-and-south direction from Ayside to Humphrey 

 Head Point, and some 3 or 4 miles in an east-and-west direction from 



