528 PKOF. E. J. GARWOOD ON THE LOWER CARBONIFEROUS [DeC. Lgi2y 



Lindale to Cartmel. The Avestern outcrop forms a fairly steep 

 escarpment, culminating in Hampsfell Hospice at a height of 727 

 feet. It rests on the Silurian tract of Cartmel and Broughton, 

 and is cut off on the north-east by the j^ewby-Bridge & Lindale 

 Fault. On the south-east it forms the coast-line between Castle 

 Head and Humphrey-Head Point, and constitutes the foreshore 

 between Grange and Kent's Bank. The block includes the beds 

 from the Seminula-g regaria Sub-zone to the Lonsdalia-floriformis^ 

 Beds at the base of the Upper Dihunopliyllum Sub-zone. The 

 former, which consist of unfossiliferous purple dolomites, crop out 

 in some old quarries between Cartmel and Cark ; they doubtless 

 represent the horizon exposed at the southern end of Meathop Fell. 

 The overlying Lower Miclielinia Beds are not well exposed; but 

 Chonetes carinata and Caninia cylindricci have been collected from 

 several exposures, along the base of the escarpment between Birkby 

 Hall and St. Paul's Church near Field Broughton. The outcrops 

 of the higher zones run parallel to this escarpment, or nearly due 

 north and south, as shown on the map (PI. IN). At the northern 

 end of the block the Lindale Fault cuts across the strike of the 

 Carboniferous rocks, so that successively lower zones are brought 

 against the Silurian as we travel in a north-westerly direction. 



The Gastropod Beds occupy the country north and west of 

 the Cemetery, and stretch thence northwards to Hampsfield Hall. 



The Kematophyllum-minus Beds are well exposed in Haggs 

 Quarry, and the upper portion of the sub-zone shows the shaly 

 development of the Chonetes-painlionacea Beds characteristic of the 

 Western Districts. 



The Gastropod Beds are not well exposed, and no attempt has 

 been made on the map to separate the upper and the lower portions 

 of the zone, as the Cyriina-carbonaria Beds are again indistin- 

 guishable. The beds, however, which crop out in Great Eskett 

 Wood, about half-a-mile south-east of Cartmel, certainly belong 

 to the lower portion of the zone. 



The Lower Bihunopliyllum Sub-zone is exposed in the 

 quarries on the Cartmel Bead between the Cemetery and Low-Fell 

 Gate, and here the lower 'spotted' beds are well developed; they 

 can be followed almost continuously along the escarpment to 

 the edge of the wood above Hampsfield Hall. North of this the beds 

 form a broad synclinal fold, and they reappear on the heights of 

 Newton Head to the south of Head-House Farm ; while the summit 

 of Hampsfield Fell affords good exposures of the upper beds of the 

 sub-zone, including the bands of pseudo-breccia. These upper 

 beds are brought by the prevailing easterly dip of 10° on to the 

 coast in the neighbourhood of Grange. A good section is exposed 

 in the road-cutting a little to the east of the railway-station, where 

 they are extremely fossiliferous and contain abundant specimens^ 

 of Dihunopliyllum (p ; while the pseudo-breccia beds, including the 

 Chonetes-aff. comoicles Band, are exposed on the fore»hore below 

 the promenade. This band is again associated with the peculiar 

 concretionary layer covered with 'stick -like' impressions, which has. 



