I 



Vol. 68.] SUCCESSION IX THE NOKTH-WEST OF EXGLAXD. 533^ 



r/randis ; the}' are associated with 0. isorhyncha^ JSi/ringopora, and 

 Cyaihophyllum cf. multilamellatum. The overlyiug beds of the 

 Upper ^lichelinia Zone crop out on the other side of the Dalton 

 road, where they are exposed in a small quarry and contain the- 

 usual Arnside species, including Caninia CTjHndrica} 



The beds of the Upper ili^cAeZ^n^a Sub-zone extend south- 

 wards to the neighbourhood of Dalton, and are also met with in 

 the spoil-heap from the mine-shaft close to the cross-roads, about a 

 quarter of a mile south of Lindale Cote. The shale taken out of 

 the shaft contains abundant remains of Zaphraitis honinclci and! 

 other characteristic fossils. It is, nevertheless, probable that the 

 beds are here overlain by the Gastropod Beds ; but the surface is 

 drift-covered. On the east side of the district good exposures occur 

 in the large quarry at Gascow, and again nearer the coast in the 

 outlier near Plumpton Hall. At both these localities the fauna 

 appears to be normal. In the Gascow section the beds come to 

 the surface in a dome-shaped iulier, only the upper portion of the- 

 zone being exposed near the floor of the quarry ; the fauna is espe- 

 cially rich ill specimens of Zaphrentis konincTci and Z. ennislnlleni,. 

 while the CJisiopliyllum-multisej)tatum Band is also well developed.. 

 M'Coy's interesting form DipliyphyJlum diantlioides also occurs in 

 both these sections. 



The Gastropod Beds call for no comment, and succeed the 

 MicJielinia Zone in the sections at Gascow and Plumpton ; they 

 also occupy a considerable area to the south and east of Lindale. 



The Kemaiophy Hum-minus Sub-zone is well exposed in. 

 places, especially in Longlands Quarry, which is chiefly excavated in 

 these beds. Quarries have also been opened at this horizon near 

 the cross-roads on the west side of Birkrigg Common, and the rocks 

 crop out at the surface between this latter exposure and Gascow~ 

 Quarry. 



The Lower Dihunopliyllum Sub-zone forms the high 

 ground on the east side of the Urswick-Tarn Fault. It occupies 

 the whole of Birkrigg Common, and also the coast-line from 

 Conishead Priory to Bay cliff aud Aldingham ; while the base of the 

 zone forms an irregular outcrop from Bighead Wood, round the 

 west side of Birkrigg Common, to Scroggs Close and Baycliflf. 

 Chapel Island also affords a good exposure of the rocks of this zone, 

 which include the ' Stick ' bed and the beds of pseudo-breccia 

 (see PI. XLYI, fig. 2, facing p. 518). 



On the west side of the Urswick-Tarn Fault these beds occupy 

 thehigh ground immediately west and south-west of Little Urswick. 

 South of Stain ton the zone is faulted back to the west by a north- 

 west and south-east fault, and the ' spotted ' beds characteristic of 



1 I have to thank IVIr. Mellon, the manager of the Elliscales Quarries 

 Syndicate Ltd., for liis kindness in allowing me to examine this section, and 

 for the gift of tlie fine speoimen of M. grandis exhibited in the collection at 

 University College (London). 



