538 PROF. E. J. GARWOOD OX THE LOWER CARBOXIFEROIJS [DeC. igi2. 



Pebble-Bed of the type-districts. If this view be correct, the 

 sandstone of Swindale Crag, which underlies the Melmerby-Scar 

 Limestone, must represent an attenuated development of the Orton 

 Sandstone of the Shap District. 



In High-Cup Gill these beds are not well exposed ; but in Great 

 Kundal Eeck, farther north, fragments of Syringothyris cusjndata 

 have been collected from the hard gritty beds which crop out 

 below the Melmerby-Scar Limestone on the south side of the beck, 

 and these beds may, therefore, be correlated with the fossiliferous 

 rocks of Swindale Beck. South of Eoman Fell these beds are much 

 obscured by superficial deposits : two interesting exposures, how- 

 ever, do occur, one in Highclose Sike and the other in Dobbyhole 

 Sike (Th & Sy in fig. 3, p. 536). In Highclose Sike the stream 

 has cut down through an anticlinal fold, exposing 30 or 40 feet of 

 calcareous sandstones, mudstones, and pebble-beds. In the lower 

 part of the exposure, below the wood, the stream runs along a 

 bed of hard calcareous mudstone. This bed is much jointed, and 

 weathers into nodular concretionary masses ; it contains a few 

 fragmentary fossils. The overlying beds are well exposed on the 

 left bank of the stream below the old limekiln, where they consist 

 of calcareous grits and pebble-beds and layers of dun-coloured 

 impure limestone. The latter have j^elded the following fossils: — 



Prodicctus cf. corrugato-liemis^jhericios 



Vaughan. 

 Ehipidomdla miclulini (L'Eveille). 



Bhynchojiella cf. fawcettensis sp. nov. 

 Schellwienella cf. crenistria (Pbill.). 

 Syringothyris cuspidata (Mart.). 



The specimens of S. cuspidata are found in the upper pebble- 

 bed, and are, as usual, in a somewhat fragmentary condition. An 

 interesting feature of this pebble-bed is the occurrence of layers 

 of coarse oolite, forming the matrix in which the white quartz- 

 pebbles are embedded. This is by far the best-developed oolite 

 met with in the I*[orth -Western succession, and the bed resembles 

 very closely the Brownber Pebble-Bed already described from the 

 type-districts. The presence of this oolitic pebble-bed affords 

 valuable evidence as to the relative date of the submergence of the 

 area now occupied by this portion of the Pennine Chain. The 

 submergence must have occurred about the period when the 

 Thysanophyllum Band was being deposited farther west : that is 

 to say, during the deposition of the C., beds in the South- Western 

 Province. This view is confirmed by a study of the section in 

 Dobbyhole Sike. Here the rocks consist of impure gritty and 

 bituminous limestones containing a few fossils, in a bad state 

 of preservation. The fauna is of rather an ambiguous character, 

 but among others occur specimens of Thysanophylhim pseudover- 

 miculare^ Avhich appear to be unrolled, aud even if derived must 

 have grown somewhere in the immediate neighbourhood. 



The presence of quartz-pebbles at the horizon of the Brownber 

 Beds all along the Shap-Pavenstonedale escarpment, and their 

 absence from this horizon farther west, are very interesting features 

 which have been mentioned already, and appear to show that the 



