544 PEOF. E. J. GARWOOD ON THE LOWER CAEBONIFEROUS [Dec. I912, 



the whole, then, we can best regard the ' Botany Beds ' as the 

 result of a depression which temporarily established communi- 

 cation with the deeper water lying on the west or south-west. 



This view receives support from the character of the brachiopod 

 fauna in the highest limestone layers in the Kirkby Lonsdale and 

 Purness Districts, many of the species being identical with those 

 found in the Botany Beds. The fossiliferous shale, shown on the 

 Oeological Survey map as occurring well up in the Millstone Grit in 

 the district south and south-east of Kirkby Lonsdale,^ would appear 

 to mark the southern shallow-water continuation of this deposit. 



A small outlier of these shales is situated in the Kirkby Lonsdale 

 District, on the northern bank of the Kiver Lune at its junction with 

 the Biver Wenning.- farther south-east in the Bowland District 

 the band is still found occupying the same position in the Millstone 

 Grit, overlying the Pendleside Series of Dr. AV. Hind. If this 

 •correlation of the Botany Beds with these fossiliferous shales be 

 correct, it affords additional evidence, if it were necessary, of the 

 Lower Carboniferous age of the Pendleside Series, for the fauna of 

 the Botany Beds which are thus shown to overlie the Pendleside 

 Series is, as already pointed out, characteristic of the highest lime- 

 stones of Derbyshire. 



YIII. COEEELATION WITH THE SoTJTH-WeSTEEN PeOVINCE 

 AND OTHEE ArEAS. 



The correlation of the zones described in the foregoing pages 

 with those established by Dr. Yaughan in the Bristol District is set 

 forth in the last column of the table (p. 547). In comparing the 

 different horizons in the two districts, it will be best to begin 

 with the Lower Dihunopliyllum Sub-zone, which, as already stated, 

 -appears to be identical in the two provinces. Thus, in both 

 provinces, this horizon is characterized as a rule by fine-grained 

 crystalline limestones containing beds of pseudobreccia tj'pically 

 near the summit ; while the fauna is characterized by the abun- 

 dance of specimens of Dihunophyllum (p, Cyatliopliyllum murchisoni, 

 and Carcinopliyllum 6. This similarit}' is undoubtedly due to the 

 fact that it was during the period when these beds were being 

 deposited that the greatest submergence in Lower Carboniferous 

 times occurred in Britain. 



The beds immediately overlying the Lower Dihunophyllum Sub- 

 zone in the Xorth-AYestern Province can also be readily correlated 

 with the Lonsdalia Beds of the South-Western Province, as 

 they are characterized by the presence of Lonsdalia florifo^^mis, 

 Cyathophyllum reyiuni, and Dihunophyllum muirheadi, belonging 

 to Dr. Vaughan's group of Dibunophyllids in the stage \p. The 

 Yoredalebeds above the ' Scar' Limestone of the Pennine District 



1 This bed is coloured green, and in the legend stated to be fossiliferous; 

 but, unfortunately, no fossils from it have been preseiTed in the Museum of 

 Practical Geology, Jeruiyn Street. 



- Mr. C. H. Cunnington has obtained numerous crushed specimens from 

 this exposure, referable apparently to Posidoniella Icsvis, and three species of 

 Goniatites. 



