APPARATUS USED IN CAPTURING FISH. 



271 



The ii8li usually enter in high Avater, either late in the evening or early 

 in the morning, and when low water occurs between these periods few 

 01- no fish are taken. 



At Eastport the weirs on theOampobello shore, as well as those at Grand 

 Manan, take most fish when high water occurs in the even- 

 ing, rendering it necessary to takeout the herring about mid- 

 night, or a little later. At Captain Treat's weir and others 

 adjacent to it, however, the best time for taking out the 

 fish is usually from five or six o'clock in the morning until 

 ten, a much more convenient arrangement. 



The variety of weirs in use in the vicinity of Eastport, 

 and about Campobello and the island of Grand Manan, is 

 very great, and the number in use, as well as the quantity 

 of herring captured in them, is almost incredible. 



This form of weir does not involve the use of a leader, 

 and can be used to advantage only where the tide is very 

 high and the shores especially adapted to them. Weirs 

 with leaders are used more frequently where there is a 

 long extent of shallow water, which is bare at low tide. 

 A sinaple form of this leader is given in Fig. 16, kindly 

 furnished by Mr. J. 0. Brevoort, as used on the south side 

 of the St. Lawrence River, from Quebec to near its mouth. 

 Here the leader may be of indefinite length, (sometimes 

 one thousand feet and over,) ending in either a bowl or a 

 circle. The whole is constructed of stakes or osiers, or both. 

 Sometimes a second leader, with its second bowl, is placed 

 exterior to and in continuation of the first. This form of 

 leader of a weir is the simplest of all, and the one more 

 generally used in England, where our more complicated and 

 more efiicient arrangements appear not to be known. 



This fact must be borne in mind in considering the de- 

 cision of the British commission in reference to the amount 

 of influence that such apparatus could exercise upon the 

 fish supply, of which commission Professor Huxley was a 

 member, to the effect that such apparatus exercised very 

 little influence upon the persistence of the fish suppl}^ 



Weirs as used in Cape Cod are somewhat differently 

 constructed, as they consist in large part of slats or boards. 

 The figure and following description have been furnished by Captain 

 Prince Crowell : 



East Dennis, Massachusetts, December 2, 1871. 



Dear Sir : The weirs on the north side of the cape are what are called dry weirs ; 

 they are set on the flats where tlie tide ebbs off and leaves them dry, at which time 

 the fish are taken out. The flats extend from one-half to one mile from high-water 

 mark ; from six to eight .feet water over tbem at high water. 



The leaders and heart are constructed by nailing laths upon small poles worked into 

 the sand, with a jjeg through the pole (when worked down) just under the surface of 

 the sand, on which boards are placed, then stone ballast to keep them from working 

 up, and the first and second pound-seiues are usually used, the poles being fixed down 

 the same as the heart and leader, although some are made of all laths. Some have 

 only one pound instead of two. There are about fifteen of these weirs between Yar- 

 mouth and Provincetown. I know of no other kind. I inclose a little diagram, (Fig. 

 17,) without being drawn to any particular scale, and hope it will be intelligible. 

 Yours, truly, 



P. S. CROWELL. 



A modification of the heart-pound is largely used in the bays and 

 mouths of the rivers of Maine and the provinces, for the capture of 

 salmon, as illustrated in Fig. 18. 



SouOi side lower 

 St. Iia^vrence. 

 Ilemns: Weir. 



J. C. IBrevoort. 



