282 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



Cape Cod. Agarum Turneri is exclusively American, eastern and west- 

 ern and northern. Alaria esculenta, Laminaria longicruris, and Eutliora 

 cristata^ are found in Europe on the northern shores of Scotland and ISov- 

 way. Euthora cristata is rare as far south as Edinburgh, 56° N., and 

 Alaria esculenta is rare in the south of England. Ftilota serrata and 

 Halosaccion ramentaceum occur on the coast of Norway. Both Belesse- 

 riw occur farther south, D. simiosa in particular, which grows with sub- 

 tropical sea- weeds on the southern coast of England and on the opposite 

 shore of France. It will be seen, then, that the flora, as far south as 

 Boston, 42JO K, resemble most strongly that of the north of Scotland and 

 Norway, which, at its southernmost point, reaches only 58° N. 



The characteristic algai of Southern Massachusetts and Long Island 

 Sound are Sargassum vuJgare, Aa., and S. Montagnei^ Bail., (an Ameri- 

 can variety of the last 5) Chordaria divaricata ; Grinnellia Americana, 

 Harv. ; JDasya elegans, Aa. ; Chylocladia Baileyayia, Harv. ; Solieria chor- 

 dalis, Aa. ; Gracilaria multipartita, ACr. ; Ftilota elegans, Bonnem. ; Chon- 

 dria Baileyana, Mont., and Champia parvula, Harv. Of these, except- 

 ing one extremely doubtful case of Grinnellia, none have ever been found 

 north of Cape Cod, except Ftilota elegans, which occurs at Beverly, 

 Massachusetts, and Chylocladia Baileyana, found at Quincy, Massachu- 

 setts, hy Dr. Durkee. Of Ftilota elegans it may be remarked, that this 

 plant, although abundant south of Cape Cod, is local, occurring only in 

 the more exposed jjlaces, as Gay Head, No Mans Land, and Newport. 

 Chylocladia Baileyana and Grinnellia Americana are exclusively Ameri- 

 can, the former found as far south as Charleston, the latter on the coast 

 of North Carolina. Dasya elegans is Mediterranean, and extends to the 

 Canaries. SoUeria chordalis, first found at Cadiz, and Choridria Bailey- 

 ana, on the supposition that it is identical with Chondriopsis striolata, 

 J. AGt., are Mediterranean. Sargassum vulgar e and Gracilaria midtipar- 

 tita are rare as far north as the south of England, where many subtropical 

 algae flourish. Chordaria divaricata is an anomaly, being local in Great 

 Britain and common in the Baltic, while it has not been found north of 

 Cai)e Cod in America. The flora of Southern New England is much 

 like that of the Mediterranean. 



But it may be asked why the appearance of the vegetation at Gay 

 Head and Wood's Hole is so dilferent. It is not because we have at 

 Gay Head an offshoot of the northern flora. The false resemblance is 

 caused by the immense quantities of Laminaria, composed almost en- 

 tirely of L. saccharina, common throughout the Sound ; L. longicniris, 

 the distinguishing northern species, being entirely absent. L. digitata, 

 a northern species, is also found, but I have hesitated to count it as 

 northern, because I have information from New Haven, not very definite 

 to be sure, that it is found there also. The reason is, because at \Yood's 

 Hole, Greenport, and Peconic Bay, we have an extremely southern flora, 

 which in fact, botanically, does not belong to Long Island Sound. Gay 

 Head does not produce northern species, but the last-mentioned localities 



