482 EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



Farypliacrocea^(\). 390, Plate, XXXVI, fig. 274,) which grows in large 

 tufts, several inches in height, and often covers large surfaces of the piles 

 and timbers at and just below low- water mark. Associated with this the 

 Ohelia gelatinosa (p. 391) often occurs in large quantities. This is a 

 large and very beautiful species, having a large dark colored stem, com- 

 posed of numerous united tubes, but the terminal branches are white 

 and delicate, and the cells have an elegant bell-shaped form, with a 

 toothed margin. It grows to the length of a foot or more. This species 

 occurs on the piles of Long Wharf, in Xew Haven Harbor, in great 

 abundance, associated with the preceding j at this place the water is not 

 only quite brackish, but is very impure, on account of sewerage, &c. 



Other species of Ohelia also occur in similar places. The Balanus ebur- 

 neus is a very abundant barnacle in brackish waters, growing upon piles, 

 timbers, oyster-stakes, and every other kind of fixed wood- work, and 

 also upon the bottoms of vessels and floating timber. As already re- 

 marked (p. 381) it is capable of living even in fresh water. The Bala- 

 nus halanoides also occurs where the water is less brackish. The piles 

 and timbers of the wharves are often badly damaged by the perfora- 

 tions of Teredo navalis (p. 384, Plate XXYI, fig. 183) even where the 

 water is very brackish.* 



The Limnoria lignorum (p. 379) also attacks wood-work in waters that 

 are somewhat brackish. 



Lists of species inliahiting piles of wharves ^ floating timhersj d'c., in hracJc- 



ish icaters. 



ARTICULATA. 



Insects. 



Page. 1 Page. 



Ghlronomus oceanicus 331 Anurida maritima 331 



Crustacea. 



Page. 



Panopeus depressus 312 



Microdeutopus minax 479 



Amphithoe compta 370 



Oorophium cylindricum 370 



Caprella, sp 316 



Page. 



Jiera copiosa . . - 315 



Idotea irrorata 310 



Limnoria lignorum 482 



Balanus balanoides 482 



B. eburneus 482 



* Since the account of the Teredo navalis, on page 384, has been in type, I have learned 

 some ailclitional facts in regard to it from Mr, V. N. Edwards. The statement that the 

 huoys are taken up every six months does not apply to the spar-buoys, which are 

 taken up only once a year, in April and May. Mr. Edwards states that the Teredos 

 wonkl destroy fin uni)aintcd spar-buoy in one year, but when painted with verdigris 

 they will only work whore tlu^ paint becomes rubbed off. They grow to full size in 

 one year. They hrst attack buoys or piles just below the water's edge, but eventually 

 will destroy the entire submerged part of the spar-buoys. He thinks that some of 

 them li\e through the winter. 



