INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF VINEYARD SOUND, ETC. 489 

 Bryozoa, 



Page. 



Biigula flabellata 311 



Membrauipora pilosa 406 



M. lineata 406 



Escharella variabilis 312 



Discopora cocciuea 333 



Lepralia, sp , 420 



Cellepora ramulosa 312 



Pedicelliua Americana 405 



Alcyonidium Mrsutum 487 



A. bispidum 487 



Yesicularia gracilis 389 



Y. cuscuta 404 



Y.fusca 420 



Farrella familiaris 487 



Tubulipora flabellaris 405 



Crisia ebiirnea 311 



Strongylocentrotus Drobachi- 

 eusis 



Obelia pyriformis 



O. geniculata 



O. flabellata ,... 



O. diapbana 



Campannlaria flexuosa. . . 



RADIATA. 





Ecliinoderms. 





Page. 





Page. 





Asterias vulgaris ,.,-.. 



496 



496 



Cribrella sangainolenta. , . 



. 407 



Acaleplis. 



Page. 

 390 

 487 

 390 

 327 

 327 



Page. 



Sertularia immila 487 



S. argentea 408 



PeiiDaria tiarella 327 



Glava leptostyla 328 



Hydractinia polycliua 228 



Page. 

 329 



Polyps, 



Sagartia leueolena. 



Page. 

 329 



Metridium marginatum 



lY. 2.— Species iNHABiTiNa the sandy shores op the open coast. 



Owing to tbe force of tbe waves the sand and gravel of the exposed 

 shores are kept in constant motion in stormy weather, and are often dis- 

 turbed to a considerable depth, especially in winter. Therefore tbe con- 

 ditions are very unfavorable for the existence of animal life. The fauna 

 of such shores is, accordingly, xery meager, as comi)ared with that of 

 the more sheltered sai^dy shores of the bays and sounds. 



It often happens that one may examine these sandy beaches for a mile 

 or more at low-water without finding more than half a dozen species of 

 animals that actually live on them, though many may be found thrown 

 up by the waves from below low- water mark. 



In coves or other localities that are somewhat sheltered, the number of 

 species is greater, and most of them are identical with those found on 

 the sandy shores of the sounds. 



Toward high-water mark the Talorchestia longicornis (p. 336) and T. 



