652 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



states of this variable species are : L. saxatilis Johnson ; Turho sulcatus Leach ; 

 Tiirhojugosus Montagu; L. patiila(var.) Jeffreys; L. negleota Bean ; T. ventricosus 

 Brown ; L. marmorata Pfeiff'er ; Nerita litiorea Fabricius {non Linn6) ; L. 

 Gronlandica MoUer, Lov6n, Morch ; L. rudissima Bean ; L. zonaria Bean ; L. 

 neglecta Bean, etc. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, northward to the Arctic Ocean ; 

 Greenland ; Iceland j Spitzbergen. Northern coasts of Europe to Great 

 Britain and Spain. Local south of Long Island Sound 5 abundant on 

 all the rocky shores of Southern New England, from New York to Cape 

 Cod, and at the eastern end of Long Island ; local at Great Egg Har- 

 bor, among FncuSj on the stones of an old pier. Extremely abundant 

 on all the northern shores of New England and northward. Fossil in 

 the Post-Pliocene of Canada, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. 



LiTTORiNA PALLIATA. Plate XXIY, fig. 138. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert, of Mass., ed. i, p. 260, fig. 167, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 309, fig. 578. Turho 

 palliatus Say, op. cit., p. 240, 1822. Littorina neritoidea Dekay, Mollusca New 

 York, p. 105, Plate 6, figs. 109-111 (non Turho neritoidea Linn6). Littorina 

 littoralis Stimpson, Shells of New England, p. 33, (non Forbes and Hanley ; 

 non Nerita littoralis Linne). Turho littoralis Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 

 402, 1780 (non Linn6). Littorina arctica Moller, Kroyer's Tidsskrift, vol. 

 iv, p. 82, 1842. (f) Littorina limata Lov€n, Ofv^ersigt af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. 

 Forbandlingar, vol. iii, p. 154, 1846. Littorina Peconica S. Smitb, Annals 

 Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, vol. vii, p. 155, 1860. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, 

 Spitzbergen, Finmark, and Norway. Very abundant from New York 

 to Cape Cod and northward, wherever Fiici grow on rocks between 

 tides J local and less abundant south of Loug Island Sound. 



Fossil in the Post-Pliocene of Great Britain and Scandinavia. 



Should this species prove to be identical with L. ohtusata (Linne, sp.) of 

 Europe, as there is reason to anticipate, its range will be nearly coinci- 

 dent with that of L. rudis, with which it is always found associated on 

 our coast. Several writers have already united the two forms, but no 

 satisfactory comi)arisons of large series of specimens, from many local- 

 ities on both coasts, have been made. 



Lacuna vincta Turton. Plate XXIY, fig. 139. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 262, figs. 169, 178*, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 302, fig. 573. Turho 

 vincta Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 307, Plate 20, fig. 3, (t. Gould). Trochus divarica- 

 tus Fabricius, Fauna Gronlandica, p. 392, 1780 (non luinn6). Lacuna divarieata 

 Lov6n, op. cit., p. 155, 1846 ; Jeffreys, British Conchology, vol. iii, p. 346. 



According to Jeffreys, the following are among the synonyms or vari- 

 eties of this species : Turbo canalis Montagu; T. quad r if asc lata ^lout.] 

 Phasianella fasciata^ P. hifasciata^ P. cornea, and P. striata Brown ; La- 

 cuna solidula Lov6n; L. lahiosa Loven ; L.frigida Loven. 



New York to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, Icehmd, Laphmd, Scan- 

 dinavia, Great Britain, France; on tlie Pacific coast of America south- 

 ward to Puget Sound. Long Island Sound, common, but rather local ; 

 Watch nill, Ehode Island, among algjc, in 4 to 5 fathoms; Vineyard 



