﻿ANNIVERSARY 
  ADDRESS 
  OF 
  THE 
  PRESIDENT. 
  xliii 
  

  

  ft' 
  

  

  mesozoio 
  times. 
  The 
  same 
  inference 
  may 
  be 
  even 
  more 
  specially 
  

   and 
  strongly 
  drawn 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  Mono- 
  

   myaria 
  in 
  Carboniferous 
  times. 
  * 
  

  

  "With 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  Gasteropoda 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  so 
  confident, 
  and 
  yet 
  I 
  

   think 
  it 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  argument 
  might 
  be 
  applied 
  to 
  them 
  ; 
  

   and 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  with 
  safety 
  in 
  reference 
  

   to 
  the 
  Cephalopoda. 
  In 
  Lower 
  and 
  Upper 
  Silurian 
  and 
  Devonian 
  

   strata 
  the 
  proportions, 
  with 
  some 
  changes 
  of 
  genera, 
  are 
  not 
  very 
  

   different, 
  ranging 
  (say) 
  from 
  37 
  to 
  50 
  species 
  ; 
  but, 
  suddenly, 
  in 
  the 
  

   7 
  genera 
  and 
  137 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  rocks 
  we 
  have 
  an 
  

   approximation 
  to 
  the 
  vast 
  development 
  of 
  Cephalopodous 
  life 
  in 
  

   secondary 
  times, 
  and 
  the 
  resemblance 
  is 
  strengthened 
  by 
  the 
  large 
  

   proportion 
  of 
  Nautili 
  and 
  Goniatites, 
  one 
  a 
  prevalent 
  secondary 
  genus, 
  

   and 
  the 
  other 
  closely 
  allied 
  to 
  Ceratites 
  and 
  the 
  Ammonites. 
  

  

  In 
  some 
  respects, 
  therefore, 
  the 
  later 
  palaeozoic 
  stages 
  in 
  their 
  forms 
  

   of 
  life 
  are 
  clearly 
  leading, 
  as 
  it 
  were, 
  up 
  to 
  secondary 
  times, 
  and 
  closely 
  

   foreshadow 
  their 
  advent. 
  

  

  Secondary 
  Formations. 
  New 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  series. 
  — 
  I 
  now 
  come 
  

   to 
  the 
  secondary 
  strata 
  themselves. 
  Every 
  geologist 
  knows 
  the 
  

   thorough 
  stratigraphical 
  break 
  between 
  the 
  palaeozoic 
  and 
  mesozoic 
  

   rocks 
  that 
  marks 
  the 
  commencement 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  Eed 
  Sandstone 
  in 
  

   England, 
  so 
  complete, 
  indeed, 
  that, 
  from 
  Devonshire 
  to 
  Yorkshire, 
  

   some 
  part 
  or 
  other 
  of 
  that 
  great 
  formation 
  lies 
  as 
  it 
  were 
  at 
  random 
  

   on 
  almost 
  every 
  principal 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  palaeozoic 
  series 
  ; 
  in 
  

   Charnwood 
  Forest, 
  for 
  instance, 
  on 
  so-called 
  Cambrian 
  rocks, 
  in 
  

   Gloucestershire 
  on 
  Silurian, 
  in 
  Devonshire 
  and 
  South 
  Wales 
  on 
  De- 
  

   vonian 
  strata, 
  in 
  Somerset 
  and 
  Derbyshire 
  on 
  Carboniferous 
  beds, 
  

   and 
  in 
  Warwickshire 
  and 
  Staffordshire, 
  Shropshire, 
  Lancashire, 
  

   Derbyshire, 
  and 
  Yorkshire, 
  on 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Permian 
  rocks 
  from 
  

   the 
  equivalents 
  of 
  the 
  Rothliegende 
  up 
  to 
  a 
  high 
  stratum 
  of 
  the 
  

   Magnesian 
  Limestone. 
  

  

  The 
  New 
  Red 
  series 
  consists, 
  in 
  England, 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  sub- 
  

   divisions 
  — 
  

  

  ( 
  Kbssen 
  or 
  Westbury 
  beds, 
  

   Keuper 
  << 
  New 
  Red 
  marl 
  with 
  streaks 
  of 
  sandstone, 
  

  

  [ 
  White 
  and 
  brown 
  sandstone 
  and 
  marl 
  ; 
  

  

  f 
  Upper 
  variegated 
  sandstone, 
  

   Bunter 
  < 
  Conglomerate 
  or 
  pebble-beds, 
  

  

  [ 
  Lower 
  variegated 
  sandstone 
  ; 
  

   and 
  in 
  no 
  part 
  of 
  England 
  is 
  there 
  any 
  symptom 
  of 
  a 
  passage 
  from 
  

   Permian 
  into 
  the 
  lowermost 
  New 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  strata 
  ; 
  for 
  in 
  York- 
  

   shire 
  and 
  Derbyshire, 
  where 
  they 
  lie 
  apparently 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  angle, 
  

   the 
  lower 
  variegated 
  sandstone 
  is 
  absent, 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  member, 
  

   the 
  pebble-beds, 
  lies 
  on 
  the 
  incompleted 
  Magnesian-limestone 
  series 
  ; 
  

   in 
  South 
  Staffordshire 
  the 
  same 
  pebble-beds 
  lie 
  on 
  the 
  middle 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  Rothliegende, 
  or 
  what 
  I 
  consider 
  the 
  ice-drifted 
  erratic 
  boul- 
  

   der-beds; 
  while 
  further 
  west, 
  skirting 
  the 
  older 
  formations 
  from 
  

   Worcestershire 
  to 
  Flintshire, 
  the 
  lower 
  variegated 
  sandstones 
  (the 
  

   lowermost 
  English 
  Bunter 
  beds) 
  lie 
  on 
  Permian 
  strata, 
  sometimes 
  

   above 
  the 
  boulder 
  -beds 
  and 
  sometimes 
  below, 
  until 
  finally 
  they 
  in- 
  

  

  