﻿xliv 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  

  

  trude 
  on 
  the 
  Coal-measures. 
  The 
  disturbance, 
  contortion, 
  partial 
  

   upheaval 
  into 
  land, 
  and 
  vast 
  denudations 
  which 
  the 
  palaeozoic 
  rocks 
  

   underwent 
  before 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  Red 
  Sand- 
  

   stone 
  in 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  Europe 
  is 
  so 
  well 
  known 
  that 
  I 
  need 
  not 
  

   enlarge 
  upon 
  it; 
  and, 
  on 
  the 
  principles 
  advocated 
  in 
  last 
  year's 
  

   Address, 
  there 
  is 
  every 
  reason, 
  in 
  the 
  enormous 
  lapse 
  of 
  time 
  indi- 
  

   cated 
  by 
  this 
  vast 
  denudation 
  and 
  unconformity, 
  why 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  

   accompanied 
  by 
  the 
  wonderful 
  generic 
  changes 
  and 
  total 
  change 
  of 
  

   species 
  that 
  mark 
  the 
  sudden 
  lapse 
  from 
  palaeozoic 
  to 
  mesozoic 
  time. 
  

  

  St. 
  Cassian 
  and 
  Kossen 
  beds. 
  — 
  But 
  in 
  our 
  country 
  we 
  have 
  no 
  

   certain 
  relics 
  of 
  common 
  marine 
  life 
  in 
  the 
  New 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  to 
  

   compare 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  underlying 
  palaeozoic 
  formations, 
  and 
  

   therefore 
  I 
  must 
  transgress 
  a 
  little 
  from 
  the 
  rule 
  I 
  imposed 
  on 
  my- 
  

   self 
  last 
  year, 
  and 
  give 
  a 
  brief 
  sketch 
  of 
  the 
  leading 
  differences 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  the 
  upper 
  palaeozoic 
  marine 
  molluscous 
  faunas 
  and 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  St. 
  Cassian 
  and 
  Kossen 
  beds, 
  well 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  largely 
  developed 
  

   in 
  the 
  Italian 
  and 
  Bavarian 
  Alps, 
  but 
  the 
  former 
  of 
  which 
  has 
  no 
  

   representative 
  in 
  England. 
  

  

  As 
  nearly 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  make 
  out 
  from 
  consulting 
  the 
  writings 
  of 
  

   Giimbel, 
  Escher, 
  Hauer, 
  and 
  others, 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  superposition 
  of 
  

   these 
  strata 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  add 
  what 
  I 
  believe 
  to 
  be 
  their 
  English 
  

   equivalents 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Continental. 
  English. 
  

  

  1 
  . 
  Rhaetic 
  beds 
  or 
  Kossen 
  beds 
  , 
  .1 
  w 
  ,, 
  , 
  -, 
  -n 
  i 
  j 
  

  

  2 
  Plittenkalk 
  or 
  Rissoi 
  beds 
  I 
  Westbury 
  beds, 
  Bone-bed, 
  

  

  — 
  . 
  X 
  let 
  I 
  IcIlJiclliv 
  VI 
  XVlooOtl— 
  UcLlo 
  •••> 
  j 
  a 
  • 
  7 
  . 
  , 
  ^ 
  ^ 
  

  

  o 
  -cr 
  lj 
  ^ 
  -i. 
  -rv 
  t- 
  l 
  • 
  v 
  j 
  I 
  ondAvicida-contorta 
  beds. 
  

   o. 
  Hauptdolomit 
  or 
  Dachstem-becls 
  J 
  

  

  4. 
  Gypsum 
  and 
  Rauhwacke 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  "1 
  Keuper 
  marls 
  and 
  sand- 
  

  

  5. 
  Lower 
  Muschelkeuper 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  > 
  stones. 
  

  

  6. 
  Lower 
  Keuper 
  limestone 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  J 
  Lower 
  Keuper 
  Sandstone. 
  

  

  7. 
  Letten 
  Keuper 
  or 
  St. 
  Cassian 
  beds 
  1 
  

  

  8. 
  Upper 
  and 
  Lower 
  If 
  uschelkalk 
  . 
  > 
  Unrepresented 
  in 
  England. 
  

  

  9. 
  Schwarzlicher 
  Mergelkalk 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  J 
  

  

  10. 
  Bunter 
  Sandstone 
  New 
  Red 
  Sandstone. 
  

  

  Erom 
  the 
  foregoing 
  table 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  with 
  us, 
  as 
  is 
  well 
  

   known, 
  the 
  series 
  is 
  so 
  imperfect, 
  that 
  for 
  Nos. 
  7, 
  8, 
  and 
  9, 
  which 
  

   include 
  the 
  Muschelkalk 
  and 
  St. 
  Cassian 
  beds, 
  we 
  have 
  no 
  terms 
  of 
  

   comparison 
  with 
  the 
  Continental 
  series. 
  The 
  fossils 
  of 
  the 
  Muschel- 
  

   kalk, 
  including, 
  according 
  to 
  Bronn, 
  222 
  species, 
  are 
  so 
  well 
  known 
  

   to 
  be 
  species 
  of 
  secondary 
  type, 
  that, 
  were 
  it 
  not 
  for 
  their 
  connexion 
  

   with 
  the 
  St. 
  Cassian 
  beds, 
  it 
  is 
  scarcely 
  essential 
  to 
  my 
  argument 
  

   that 
  I 
  should 
  say 
  anything 
  about 
  them. 
  But 
  it 
  is 
  different 
  with 
  the 
  

   St. 
  Cassian 
  beds. 
  These 
  strata, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  Austrian 
  and 
  Swiss 
  

   geologists, 
  lie 
  above 
  the 
  Muschelkalk, 
  and 
  yet 
  the 
  fossils 
  they 
  contain 
  

   are 
  of 
  a 
  more 
  mixed 
  type, 
  and 
  in 
  part 
  characteristically 
  palaeozoic. 
  

   If 
  we 
  take 
  the 
  lists 
  of 
  Bronn, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  he 
  gives 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  enor- 
  

   mous 
  number 
  of 
  774 
  species. 
  Thus, 
  he 
  names 
  44 
  species 
  of 
  Anior- 
  

   phozoa 
  and 
  8 
  of 
  Bryozoa. 
  Of 
  Zoophyta 
  he 
  catalogues 
  36 
  species, 
  of 
  

   which 
  12 
  belong 
  to 
  palaeozoic 
  genera, 
  namely, 
  Syringopora, 
  Astrcea, 
  

   CyatJiophyllum, 
  Lithodendron, 
  and 
  Antlwphyllum. 
  Of 
  the 
  Echino- 
  

   dermata 
  there 
  are 
  52 
  species, 
  39 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  classed 
  as 
  belonging 
  

  

  