﻿1863.] 
  JENKINS 
  JAVAN 
  FOSSILS. 
  69 
  

  

  sils, 
  the 
  small 
  size 
  of 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  their 
  

   nearest 
  allies 
  or, 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  known 
  species, 
  with 
  recent 
  specimens, 
  

   is 
  somewhat 
  remarkable. 
  Thus, 
  all 
  the 
  examples 
  of 
  Oliva 
  utriculus 
  

   are 
  small, 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  young 
  specimens 
  ; 
  the 
  single 
  

   specimen 
  of 
  Pyrula 
  cochlidium 
  is 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  one-half 
  the 
  size 
  

   usually 
  attained 
  by 
  that 
  species, 
  but 
  it 
  also 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  young 
  speci- 
  

   men 
  ; 
  the 
  same 
  maybe 
  said 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  examples 
  oiNatica 
  Flemingi- 
  

   ana?, 
  which 
  are 
  also 
  very 
  diminutive, 
  their 
  small 
  size 
  being 
  the 
  

   chief 
  cause 
  of 
  my 
  placing 
  a 
  note 
  of 
  interrogation 
  after 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  

   the 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  new 
  species 
  are 
  still 
  more 
  diminutive 
  ; 
  for 
  Conus 
  striatellus, 
  

   Turbo 
  obliqiMS, 
  and 
  Cardium 
  subalternatum 
  are 
  less 
  than 
  one-half 
  

   the 
  size 
  of 
  their 
  nearest 
  allies. 
  Moreover, 
  Dr. 
  Duncan 
  has 
  observed 
  the 
  

   same 
  relation 
  between 
  the 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  Coral 
  (Astrcea 
  HerMotsi), 
  

   which 
  he 
  has 
  described 
  in 
  a 
  note 
  to 
  this 
  paper, 
  and 
  its 
  recent 
  repre- 
  

   sentative 
  A. 
  quadrangularis. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  

   allied 
  to 
  fossil 
  forms 
  are 
  somewhat 
  larger 
  than 
  their 
  related 
  repre- 
  

   sentatives 
  ; 
  for 
  instance, 
  Vicarya 
  (?) 
  callosa 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  larger 
  than 
  V. 
  

   Yemeuilii 
  ; 
  and 
  Turritella 
  simplex 
  is 
  very 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  T. 
  sub- 
  

   angulata. 
  Still, 
  the 
  balance 
  of 
  evidence 
  appears 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  there 
  

   was 
  some 
  influence 
  in 
  operation 
  in 
  the 
  East 
  Indian 
  Seas, 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  

   when 
  these 
  animals 
  lived, 
  more 
  adverse 
  to 
  their 
  growth 
  than 
  there 
  

   is 
  at 
  present 
  ; 
  but 
  what 
  that 
  influence 
  was 
  the 
  evidence 
  is 
  not 
  suffi- 
  

   cient 
  to 
  prove. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  observed, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  present 
  Ja- 
  

   panese 
  fauna 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  peculiarly 
  Northern 
  aspect 
  on 
  account 
  

   of 
  a 
  current 
  of 
  cold 
  water 
  from 
  the 
  north 
  washing 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  

   those 
  Islands. 
  

  

  All 
  the 
  genera 
  represented 
  have 
  a 
  bathymetric 
  range 
  as 
  high 
  up 
  

   as 
  low- 
  water 
  mark 
  ; 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  them, 
  namely, 
  Murex, 
  Purpura, 
  

   Pyrula, 
  Oliva, 
  Conus, 
  &c, 
  do 
  not 
  range 
  lower 
  than 
  from 
  25 
  to 
  40 
  

   fathoms. 
  It 
  may, 
  therefore, 
  be 
  reasonably 
  inferred 
  that 
  the 
  deposit 
  

   in 
  question 
  was 
  formed 
  in 
  comparatively 
  shallow 
  water, 
  especially 
  

   as 
  the 
  matrix 
  of 
  the 
  fossils 
  is 
  not 
  contrary 
  to 
  such 
  a 
  conclusion. 
  

  

  6. 
  Age 
  of 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  Formation 
  of 
  Java. 
  — 
  M. 
  Hardie 
  commences 
  

   his 
  interesting 
  paper*, 
  already 
  noticed, 
  by 
  remarking 
  that 
  only 
  two 
  

   kinds 
  of 
  rocks 
  exist 
  in 
  the 
  Island 
  of 
  Java 
  ; 
  namely, 
  volcanic 
  deposits, 
  

   and 
  a 
  very 
  recent 
  Tertiary 
  formation. 
  

  

  He 
  gives 
  the 
  following 
  succession 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  part 
  

   of 
  Java, 
  proceeding 
  from 
  below 
  upwards. 
  

  

  1. 
  Shelly 
  limestone 
  ; 
  associated 
  with 
  clay 
  containing 
  marine 
  

  

  fossils 
  and 
  sometimes 
  fragments 
  of 
  the 
  limestone. 
  

  

  2. 
  Trachytic 
  conglomerate, 
  or 
  tufa 
  with 
  large 
  blocks 
  of 
  trachyte. 
  

  

  3. 
  Saponaceous 
  clay. 
  

  

  4. 
  Yolcanic 
  clay. 
  

  

  The 
  last 
  three 
  groups 
  are 
  without 
  marine 
  fossils, 
  and 
  are 
  consi- 
  

   dered 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  volcanic 
  origin. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  group 
  is 
  very 
  fossiliferous 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  fossils, 
  with 
  the 
  excep- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Shells 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  Ostrea, 
  Venus 
  (supposed 
  to 
  be 
  Venus 
  pul- 
  

   lastra 
  by 
  H. 
  Hardie), 
  Area, 
  Pecten, 
  Cardium, 
  Pinna, 
  Lucina, 
  Trochus, 
  

   * 
  Bull. 
  Soc. 
  Geol. 
  de 
  France, 
  vol. 
  iv. 
  1834, 
  pp. 
  182 
  et 
  seq. 
  

  

  