﻿1863.] 
  JENKINS 
  JAVAN 
  FOSSILS. 
  71 
  

  

  are 
  older 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  Mount 
  Sela 
  ; 
  consequently, 
  the 
  former 
  may 
  

   be 
  of 
  Eocene 
  date 
  without 
  affecting 
  the 
  Miocene 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  ; 
  

   though 
  I 
  cannot 
  find, 
  in 
  Mijnheer 
  Junghuhn's 
  work, 
  any 
  notice 
  of 
  

   fossil 
  Mollusca 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  portion 
  of 
  this 
  district. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  somewhat 
  remarkable, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  Plants 
  described 
  by 
  

   Dr. 
  Goeppert 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  uppermost 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Hochstetter's 
  subdivi- 
  

   sions, 
  which, 
  from 
  its 
  lithological 
  character 
  and 
  richness 
  in 
  marine 
  

   Shells, 
  appears 
  also 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  one 
  whence 
  the 
  fossils 
  just 
  described 
  

   were 
  obtained. 
  In 
  this 
  case, 
  the 
  Shells 
  referred 
  to 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Goeppert, 
  

   and 
  which 
  he 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  Eocene 
  date, 
  may 
  be 
  those 
  of 
  Mount 
  

   Sela 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  then 
  becomes 
  extremely 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  Plants 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  by 
  him 
  may 
  belong 
  to 
  a 
  more 
  recent 
  period 
  than 
  the 
  Eocene, 
  

   especially 
  as 
  Dr. 
  Goeppert 
  expressly 
  states 
  that 
  his 
  chief 
  reason 
  for 
  

   considering 
  them 
  Eocene 
  is 
  their 
  position 
  under 
  a 
  marine 
  formation*. 
  

  

  This 
  view 
  is 
  supported 
  by 
  the 
  remarks 
  of 
  Herr 
  von 
  Eichthofen 
  in 
  

   his 
  papers 
  already 
  alluded 
  to. 
  He 
  characterizes 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  forma- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Java 
  as 
  extremely 
  simple, 
  both 
  as 
  regards 
  mineral 
  constitu- 
  

   tion 
  and 
  stratigraphical 
  succession 
  ; 
  and 
  he 
  observes 
  that 
  Nummulitic 
  

   and 
  other 
  Eocene 
  formations, 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  so 
  

   well 
  developed 
  in 
  Java, 
  appear 
  to 
  him 
  entirely 
  absent 
  both 
  from 
  

   that 
  and 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  Islands, 
  the 
  uniform 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  

   being 
  either 
  Middle 
  or 
  Younger 
  Tertiary. 
  In 
  explanation 
  of 
  this 
  

   difference 
  of 
  opinion 
  between 
  himself 
  and 
  others, 
  he 
  remarks 
  that 
  

   the 
  Orbitolites 
  have 
  probably 
  been 
  mistaken 
  for 
  Nummulitesf; 
  he 
  

   also 
  notices 
  the 
  analogy 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  fossils 
  to 
  those 
  now 
  living 
  on 
  

   the 
  coasts 
  of 
  the 
  Island. 
  Eortunately, 
  he 
  refers 
  more 
  especially 
  to 
  

   the 
  district 
  in 
  which 
  Mijnheer 
  de 
  Groot's 
  fossils 
  occurred, 
  and, 
  so 
  far 
  

   as 
  that 
  area 
  is 
  concerned, 
  there 
  need 
  be 
  no 
  hesitation 
  in 
  endorsing 
  

   his 
  opinion 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  probable 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  beds, 
  as 
  they 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  

   of 
  late 
  Miocene 
  date. 
  

  

  The 
  affinity 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  fossils 
  to 
  a 
  Paris-Basin 
  species, 
  and 
  the 
  

   fact 
  of 
  another 
  being 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  Vicarya, 
  would 
  alone 
  be 
  scarcely 
  

   sufficient 
  grounds 
  for 
  considering 
  them 
  older 
  than 
  the 
  Pliocene, 
  sup- 
  

   posing 
  that 
  fossils 
  of 
  that 
  period 
  could 
  be 
  identified 
  in 
  the 
  Tropics 
  % 
  ; 
  

  

  * 
  Dr. 
  Heer, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  considers 
  the 
  Javan 
  Plants, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  

   Brown-coal 
  of 
  Borneo 
  and 
  Sumatra, 
  to 
  be 
  either 
  "Diluvial" 
  or 
  Pliocene 
  (con- 
  

   temporaneous 
  witli 
  the 
  Norwich 
  Crag) 
  : 
  see 
  Flora 
  Tertiaria 
  Helvetia?, 
  vol. 
  iii. 
  

   pp. 
  323 
  & 
  324, 
  also 
  Table, 
  p. 
  324. 
  When 
  two 
  distinguished 
  botanists 
  draw, 
  from 
  

   the 
  same 
  materials, 
  such 
  widely 
  different 
  conclusions, 
  it 
  is, 
  perhaps, 
  allowable 
  

   not 
  to 
  place 
  much 
  faith 
  in 
  Plants 
  as 
  diagnostic 
  of 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  strata, 
  nor 
  to 
  permit 
  

   either 
  conclusion 
  to 
  have 
  any 
  weight 
  in 
  the 
  scale 
  of 
  evidence. 
  

  

  f 
  Prof. 
  T. 
  Rupert 
  Jones, 
  F.G-.S., 
  suggested 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  probably 
  Orbitoides, 
  

   and 
  informed 
  me 
  that 
  Prof. 
  Ehrenberg 
  has 
  described 
  several 
  Javan 
  species 
  of 
  

   Foraminifera 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  Nodosaria, 
  Amphistegina, 
  Orbitoides, 
  &c. 
  ; 
  the 
  two 
  

   last-mentioned 
  include 
  the 
  characteristic 
  forms. 
  They 
  were 
  obtained 
  from 
  a 
  

   white 
  limestone 
  labelled 
  " 
  Gua 
  Linggo 
  manik." 
  See 
  Abhandl. 
  Akad. 
  Berlin, 
  

   1855-56, 
  p. 
  132 
  ; 
  also 
  Ehrenberg's 
  ' 
  Mikrogeologie,' 
  pp. 
  157 
  & 
  160. 
  

  

  \ 
  The 
  " 
  Pliocene 
  " 
  of 
  Europe 
  being, 
  as 
  I 
  conceive, 
  merely 
  the 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   arctic 
  termination 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  period 
  (to 
  which 
  is 
  given 
  the 
  name 
  "Miocene"), 
  

   the 
  tropical 
  representative 
  of 
  that 
  era 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  distinguished 
  (especially 
  in 
  

   the 
  East) 
  from 
  a 
  late 
  Miocene 
  formation, 
  — 
  the 
  Miocene 
  fauna 
  having 
  a 
  tropical 
  

   and, 
  to 
  a 
  great 
  extent, 
  an 
  "Eastern" 
  facies. 
  This 
  question, 
  however, 
  requires 
  

   further 
  discussion 
  and 
  illustration. 
  

  

  