﻿1863.] 
  SWAX 
  STRATA 
  OF 
  THE 
  BOSPHORUS. 
  115 
  

  

  able 
  to 
  detect 
  Graptolites 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Bosphorus 
  ; 
  nor 
  any 
  

   Cephalopoda, 
  excepting 
  some 
  few 
  imperfect 
  casts 
  not 
  recognizable 
  

   as 
  to 
  species, 
  and 
  one 
  small 
  shell 
  as 
  yet 
  undescribed, 
  bnt 
  probably 
  

   either 
  a 
  Goniatites 
  or 
  Clymenia: 
  it 
  occurred 
  in 
  grey 
  shale 
  to 
  the 
  north- 
  

   west 
  of 
  Boumili 
  Hissar 
  (the 
  furthest 
  point 
  west 
  in 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  de- 
  

   tected 
  fossils), 
  and 
  was 
  associated 
  with 
  several 
  Spirifers, 
  both 
  broad- 
  

   winged 
  and 
  small 
  species, 
  Orthis 
  and 
  other 
  Brachiopods, 
  together 
  

   with 
  a 
  Homalonotus 
  and 
  other 
  Trilobites, 
  and 
  Corals 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  

   Favosites. 
  Immediately 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  Bosphorus, 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  

   grey 
  shale 
  are 
  replete 
  with 
  fossils, 
  the 
  most 
  characteristic 
  being 
  : 
  

   of 
  Brachiopoda, 
  several 
  species 
  of 
  Spirifers, 
  both 
  broad-winged 
  and 
  

   small, 
  with 
  Orthis 
  several 
  species, 
  Strophomena 
  and 
  Leptaena 
  several 
  

   species, 
  Atrypa, 
  &c. 
  ; 
  of 
  Trilobites, 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  Phacops 
  

   and 
  Homalonotus, 
  and 
  others 
  as 
  yet 
  undescribed 
  ; 
  also 
  a 
  small 
  Crusta- 
  

   cean, 
  probably 
  a 
  Beyrichia, 
  is 
  highly 
  characteristic 
  of 
  these 
  strata*. 
  

   Along 
  with 
  these 
  are 
  associated 
  at 
  least 
  two 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  peculiar 
  

   Coral, 
  Pleurodktyum 
  problematicum. 
  Other 
  Corals 
  are 
  almost 
  

   wanting 
  in 
  these 
  beds, 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  detected 
  a 
  few 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  

   genus 
  Favosites. 
  Stems 
  of 
  Encrinites 
  are 
  in 
  abundance 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  

   the 
  beds, 
  with 
  some 
  stellate 
  forms, 
  which 
  I 
  was 
  inclined 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  

   to 
  consider 
  as 
  Star-fish. 
  The 
  limestones, 
  with 
  rare 
  exceptions, 
  are 
  

   destitute 
  of 
  fossils, 
  and 
  likewise 
  the 
  brown-satiny 
  and 
  yellowish 
  

   shales 
  ; 
  the 
  green 
  and 
  greyish 
  shales 
  appearing 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  most 
  

   favourable 
  to 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  animal 
  life. 
  

  

  Taking 
  the 
  above 
  fossils 
  as 
  a 
  criterion 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  of 
  the 
  Bos- 
  

   phorus, 
  imperfectly 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  described 
  them, 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  they 
  

   are 
  not 
  of 
  Silurian 
  age 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  Graptolites 
  and 
  Cephalo- 
  

   poda, 
  so 
  abundant 
  in 
  Silurian 
  strata, 
  and 
  other 
  characteristic 
  forms 
  

   of 
  that 
  period, 
  confirms 
  this 
  opinion 
  in 
  a 
  high 
  degree, 
  and 
  I 
  should 
  

   at 
  once 
  place 
  these 
  strata 
  on 
  a 
  level 
  with 
  the 
  Lower 
  Devonian 
  of 
  

   the 
  Rhine, 
  the 
  " 
  Spirifer- 
  sands 
  tone 
  " 
  of 
  Sandberger, 
  and 
  probably 
  

   with 
  those 
  of 
  Plymouth 
  and 
  Ogwell 
  in 
  the 
  south-west 
  of 
  England. 
  

  

  I 
  had 
  also 
  an 
  opportunity 
  lately 
  of 
  examining 
  the 
  strata 
  along 
  

   the 
  north 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  Sea 
  of 
  Marmora 
  ; 
  and 
  at 
  a 
  point 
  about 
  thir- 
  

   teen 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  from 
  Scutari, 
  I 
  detected 
  the 
  broad- 
  winged 
  

   Spirifers, 
  with 
  Orthis, 
  Strophomena, 
  and 
  a 
  Phacops, 
  in 
  grey 
  limestone 
  

   and 
  sandy 
  shales, 
  along 
  with 
  a 
  fossil 
  which 
  1 
  believe 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  Calceola 
  ; 
  

   the 
  specimen, 
  however, 
  is 
  too 
  imperfect 
  for 
  me 
  to 
  determine. 
  

  

  The 
  strata 
  in 
  this 
  district 
  crop 
  out 
  towards 
  the 
  south-west 
  to 
  

   about 
  south, 
  and 
  demonstrate 
  that, 
  by 
  a 
  change 
  of 
  the 
  dip 
  between 
  

   these 
  points 
  and 
  the 
  Bosphorus, 
  these 
  strata 
  may 
  be 
  in 
  the 
  ascending 
  

   order 
  to 
  those 
  in 
  that 
  neighbourhood. 
  I 
  may 
  mention 
  also 
  that 
  

   between 
  these 
  points 
  the 
  strata 
  are 
  much 
  intercalated 
  with 
  quartzose 
  

   rocks, 
  and 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  that 
  the 
  large 
  alluvial 
  plains 
  between 
  

   Scutari 
  and 
  Ismidt 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  composed 
  entirely 
  of 
  quartz-conglo- 
  

   merate, 
  at 
  least 
  wherever 
  a 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  is 
  exposed 
  to 
  view. 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Kcemer's 
  figure 
  of 
  Beyrkhia 
  and 
  other 
  fossils 
  from 
  the 
  Bosphorus 
  ; 
  

   Neues 
  Jahrbuch, 
  1863, 
  p. 
  521, 
  pi. 
  5. 
  — 
  Ed. 
  

  

  i 
  2 
  

  

  