﻿1864.] 
  MT7RCHIS0N 
  AXD 
  HARKNESS 
  PERMIAN. 
  145 
  

  

  correlation 
  with, 
  their 
  equivalents 
  in 
  Russia 
  and 
  Germany 
  — 
  the 
  

   regions 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  most 
  expanded, 
  and 
  to 
  their 
  arrangement 
  

   in 
  which 
  I 
  first 
  called 
  attention*. 
  This 
  novel 
  feature 
  in 
  British 
  

   classification 
  is 
  the 
  absolute 
  connexion 
  with 
  the 
  Zechstein 
  (Magnesian 
  

   Limestone) 
  or 
  its 
  equivalents, 
  of 
  great 
  masses 
  of 
  superposed 
  red 
  sand- 
  

   stones, 
  which, 
  in 
  the 
  north-west 
  of 
  England, 
  we 
  propose 
  to 
  remove 
  

   from 
  the 
  New 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  or 
  Trias, 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  hitherto 
  

   been 
  assigned, 
  as 
  we 
  consider 
  them, 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  

   natural 
  upper 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  palaeozoic 
  deposits. 
  In 
  this 
  way, 
  we 
  affirm 
  

   that 
  the 
  tripartite 
  arrangement 
  which 
  I 
  insisted 
  on 
  some 
  years 
  ago 
  

   as 
  existing 
  in 
  parts 
  of 
  Germany 
  — 
  of 
  a 
  Lower 
  Sandstone 
  or 
  Roth- 
  

   liegende, 
  a 
  central 
  limestone 
  or 
  Zechstein, 
  and 
  a 
  connected 
  superior 
  

   sandstone 
  — 
  is 
  clearly 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  counties 
  of 
  Westmoreland, 
  

   Cumberland, 
  and 
  Lancashire. 
  As 
  this 
  arrangement 
  involves 
  a 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  change 
  in 
  all 
  previous 
  geological 
  maps, 
  I 
  now 
  present 
  a 
  

   new 
  edition 
  of 
  my 
  little 
  general 
  map 
  of 
  England 
  and 
  Wales, 
  in 
  which 
  

   this 
  new 
  delimitation 
  in 
  the 
  north-west 
  of 
  England 
  is 
  given. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  with 
  great 
  satisfaction 
  that 
  I 
  state, 
  that 
  the 
  conviction 
  of 
  my 
  

   colleague 
  and 
  self 
  upon 
  this 
  point 
  has 
  been 
  also 
  arrived 
  at 
  by 
  the 
  

   independent 
  researches 
  of 
  our 
  friend 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  W. 
  Binney, 
  who, 
  more 
  

   than 
  any 
  one 
  of 
  our 
  countrymen, 
  has 
  vigorously 
  and 
  ably 
  explored 
  and 
  

   brought 
  into 
  order 
  the 
  Permian 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  north-west 
  of 
  England, 
  

   and 
  has 
  also 
  followed 
  out 
  their 
  relations 
  into 
  Dumfriesshire 
  and 
  the 
  

   adjacent 
  parts 
  of 
  Scotlandf. 
  Incredulous, 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  instance, 
  as 
  

   he 
  has 
  himself 
  assured 
  me, 
  regarding 
  the 
  natural 
  connexion 
  in 
  

   Britain 
  between 
  the 
  Upper 
  Sandstone 
  above 
  alluded 
  to 
  and 
  those 
  

   fossiliferous 
  shales 
  near 
  Manchester 
  that 
  represent 
  the 
  Magnesian 
  

   Limestone, 
  he 
  has 
  no 
  longer 
  any 
  doubt 
  that, 
  and 
  entirely 
  coincides 
  

   with 
  us 
  in 
  considering, 
  the 
  sandstones 
  of 
  St. 
  Bees 
  Head, 
  Corby, 
  and 
  

   other 
  places 
  described 
  in 
  this 
  Memoir, 
  as 
  the 
  upper 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  

   Permian 
  group. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  following 
  pages 
  we 
  indicate 
  how 
  essentially 
  the 
  Permian 
  

   rocks 
  of 
  the 
  north-west 
  of 
  England 
  differ 
  in 
  lithological 
  details 
  from 
  

   the 
  deposits 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age 
  in 
  the 
  north-eastern 
  parts 
  of 
  our 
  country, 
  

   or 
  opposite 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  Pennine 
  chain 
  — 
  the 
  tract 
  which, 
  on 
  account 
  

   of 
  the 
  large 
  spread 
  of 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone, 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  nu- 
  

   merous 
  fossils, 
  has 
  naturally 
  been 
  considered 
  typical 
  of 
  this 
  portion 
  

   of 
  the 
  geological 
  series 
  ; 
  particularly 
  after 
  the 
  masterly 
  description 
  

   of 
  it 
  by 
  Professor 
  Sedgwick, 
  in 
  the 
  third 
  volume 
  (2nd 
  Series) 
  of 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  Transactions. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  period 
  when 
  Professor 
  Sedgwick 
  wrote, 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  Permian 
  chain 
  had 
  been 
  comparatively 
  little 
  explored 
  ; 
  but 
  he 
  

   well 
  described 
  the 
  correct 
  mineral 
  character 
  and 
  characteristic 
  fossils 
  

   of 
  these 
  rocks, 
  particularly 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  counties, 
  where 
  he 
  has 
  

   since 
  been 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  valuable 
  contributions 
  of 
  King, 
  Howse, 
  

   and 
  Kirkby. 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  i. 
  p. 
  81, 
  and 
  ' 
  Siluria,' 
  2nd 
  edit. 
  pp. 
  325 
  

   to 
  347. 
  

  

  t 
  See 
  the 
  various 
  Memoirs 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Binney 
  in 
  Mem. 
  Lit. 
  and 
  Phil. 
  Soc., 
  and 
  

   Trans. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  of 
  Manchester. 
  

  

  VOL. 
  XX. 
  PART 
  I. 
  L 
  

  

  