﻿148 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OP 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  [Feb. 
  3, 
  

  

  The 
  more 
  the 
  variable 
  lithological 
  development 
  of 
  these 
  rocks 
  in 
  

   different 
  countries 
  is 
  established, 
  the 
  more 
  I 
  venture 
  to 
  think 
  that 
  

   the 
  term 
  Permian, 
  as 
  taken 
  from 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  largest 
  region 
  occupied 
  

   by 
  these 
  rocks, 
  will 
  be 
  approved, 
  whenever 
  it 
  is 
  applied 
  to 
  deposits 
  

   which, 
  however 
  changeful 
  in 
  lithological 
  arrangement 
  and 
  composi- 
  

   tion, 
  are 
  characterized, 
  particularly 
  in 
  their 
  central 
  or 
  calcareous 
  

   portion, 
  by 
  those 
  organic 
  remains 
  which 
  pertain 
  to 
  the 
  youngest 
  

   member 
  of 
  the 
  palaeozoic 
  series, 
  — 
  the 
  strata 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  as 
  clearly 
  

   separated 
  from 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  rocks 
  beneath 
  as 
  from 
  the 
  New 
  

   Red 
  or 
  Triassic 
  rocks 
  above 
  them. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Memoir 
  which 
  follows, 
  the 
  different 
  members 
  of 
  these 
  

   Permian 
  rocks 
  will 
  be 
  described 
  in 
  ascending 
  order, 
  commencing 
  

   with 
  the 
  Lower 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  or 
  Rothliegende, 
  which 
  immediately 
  

   overlies 
  many 
  of 
  our 
  coal-fields. 
  

  

  Contents. 
  

  

  1. 
  Lower 
  Permian, 
  or 
  Penrith 
  Sandstones. 
  

  

  a. 
  The 
  Valley 
  of 
  the 
  Eden. 
  

  

  b. 
  Barrowmouth, 
  near 
  Whitehaven. 
  

   e. 
  Furness 
  area. 
  

  

  d. 
  Haematite 
  in 
  the 
  Lower 
  Permians. 
  

  

  e. 
  Lower 
  Permians 
  of 
  Scotland. 
  

  

  2. 
  Middle 
  Permian, 
  or 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone. 
  

  

  a. 
  Valley 
  of 
  the 
  Eden. 
  

  

  b. 
  Barrowmouth, 
  near 
  Whitehaven. 
  

  

  c. 
  Furness 
  area. 
  

  

  3. 
  "Hard 
  Brockram" 
  of 
  Kirkby 
  Stephen. 
  

  

  4. 
  Upper 
  Permian. 
  

  

  a. 
  Valley 
  of 
  the 
  Eden, 
  and 
  Corby. 
  

  

  b. 
  St. 
  Bees 
  Head. 
  

  

  c. 
  Furness 
  area. 
  

  

  5. 
  Triassic 
  strata 
  west 
  of 
  Carlisle. 
  

  

  6. 
  Dolomitization. 
  

  

  7. 
  Conclusion. 
  

  

  § 
  1. 
  Lower 
  Permian, 
  or 
  Penrith 
  Sandstones. 
  

  

  This 
  term, 
  which 
  is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  Inferior 
  Sandstone 
  of 
  

   Sedgwick, 
  Lower 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  of 
  Murchison's 
  ' 
  Silurian 
  System/ 
  

   and 
  Rothliegende 
  of 
  the 
  German 
  geologists, 
  is 
  applied 
  to 
  a 
  thick 
  mass 
  

   of 
  rocks, 
  usually 
  of 
  a 
  light-red 
  colour, 
  and 
  possessing 
  well-marked 
  

   mineral 
  characters, 
  as 
  exhibited 
  in 
  an 
  extensive 
  district 
  in 
  Westmore- 
  

   land 
  and 
  Cumberland, 
  especially 
  around 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Penrith. 
  The 
  

   area 
  occupied 
  by 
  these 
  sandstones 
  in 
  Cumberland 
  and 
  Westmoreland 
  

   has 
  been 
  already 
  described 
  *, 
  its 
  western 
  and 
  south-western 
  margin 
  

   being 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  fault 
  corresponding 
  nearly 
  in 
  extent 
  with 
  the 
  Great 
  

   Permian 
  fault, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  developed 
  in 
  these 
  counties, 
  and 
  having 
  

   nearly 
  the 
  same 
  course. 
  By 
  means 
  of 
  this 
  fault 
  the 
  western 
  and 
  

   south-western 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Permian 
  are 
  brought 
  into 
  contact 
  

   with 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  formation. 
  

  

  a. 
  Valley 
  of 
  the 
  Eden. 
  — 
  The 
  strata 
  composing 
  the 
  Lower 
  Permian 
  

   are 
  well 
  exhibited 
  in 
  the 
  section 
  from 
  Great 
  Ormside 
  to 
  Roman 
  Fell, 
  

  

  * 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  xviii. 
  pp. 
  206 
  et 
  seq. 
  

  

  