﻿158 
  PKOCEEDLNGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  [Feb. 
  3, 
  

  

  not 
  having 
  been 
  sufficiently 
  powerful 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  to 
  remove 
  the 
  

   upper 
  and 
  middle 
  members 
  of 
  this 
  formation. 
  

  

  The 
  extreme 
  north-western 
  limit 
  where 
  the 
  Upper 
  Permian 
  

   sandstones 
  are 
  seen 
  is 
  Maryport, 
  beyond 
  which, 
  along 
  the 
  southern 
  

   shores 
  of 
  the 
  Solway 
  Firth, 
  no 
  rocks 
  are 
  exposed 
  until 
  Bockcliff 
  is 
  

   reached. 
  

  

  The 
  Upper 
  Permians, 
  forming 
  a 
  trough 
  under 
  the 
  drift 
  of 
  the 
  

   Cumberland 
  Plain, 
  reappear 
  on 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Solway. 
  

   They 
  are 
  seen 
  at 
  Torduff 
  Point, 
  five 
  miles 
  E.S.E. 
  of 
  Annan, 
  and 
  their 
  

   extension 
  and 
  arrangement 
  in 
  the 
  south-east 
  of 
  Dumfriesshire, 
  the 
  

   only 
  part 
  of 
  Scotland 
  where 
  they 
  have 
  hitherto 
  been 
  recognized, 
  have 
  

   been 
  already 
  described*. 
  

  

  b. 
  St. 
  Bees 
  Head. 
  — 
  The 
  Upper 
  Permian 
  sandstones 
  are 
  admi- 
  

   rably 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  St. 
  Bees 
  section, 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  alluded 
  to 
  

   by 
  Prof. 
  Sedgwick 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Binney, 
  though 
  referred 
  by 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  

   these 
  authors 
  to 
  the 
  New 
  Red 
  Sandstone, 
  and 
  not 
  to 
  the 
  uppermost 
  

   palaeozoic 
  deposit 
  as 
  in 
  this 
  memoir. 
  This 
  upper 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  

   Permian 
  formation 
  forms 
  the 
  whole 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  promontory 
  of 
  St. 
  

   Bees 
  Head, 
  from 
  Barrowmouth 
  westwards, 
  and 
  here 
  it 
  has 
  pre- 
  

   cisely 
  the 
  same 
  intimate 
  connexion 
  with 
  the 
  middle 
  series 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  

   Vale 
  of 
  the 
  Eden. 
  The 
  upper 
  sandstones 
  of 
  St. 
  Bees 
  are 
  also 
  iden- 
  

   tical 
  in 
  mineral 
  character 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  East 
  Cumberland 
  and 
  West- 
  

   moreland, 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  same 
  thin 
  red 
  shales 
  associated 
  with 
  them 
  

   (see 
  fig. 
  2, 
  p. 
  151). 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  south 
  face 
  of 
  St. 
  Bees 
  Head, 
  where 
  the 
  successive 
  ledges 
  

   are 
  well 
  exposed 
  at 
  low 
  water, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  impending 
  cliffs, 
  the 
  beds 
  

   of 
  strong 
  and 
  hard 
  sandstone, 
  nowhere 
  spotted 
  or 
  " 
  poikolitic,'' 
  and 
  

   of 
  brownish-red, 
  whitish, 
  and 
  yellowish 
  colours, 
  are 
  indeed 
  very 
  

   unlike 
  any 
  beds 
  of 
  unequivocal 
  Trias 
  with 
  which 
  we 
  are 
  acquainted, 
  

   and 
  have 
  much 
  more 
  the 
  aspect 
  of 
  coaly 
  grits 
  and 
  sandstones. 
  

   By 
  referring 
  to 
  the 
  section 
  from 
  Barrowmouth 
  upwards 
  it 
  will 
  

   be 
  seen 
  that 
  there, 
  as 
  in 
  Westmoreland, 
  a 
  perfect 
  and 
  unbroken 
  

   continuation 
  from 
  the 
  Middle 
  Permian 
  into 
  the 
  upper 
  sandstones 
  

   prevails, 
  preserving 
  precisely 
  the 
  same 
  dip 
  and 
  strike 
  as 
  the 
  fossili- 
  

   ferous 
  limestones 
  and 
  red 
  shales 
  with 
  gypsum 
  on 
  which 
  these 
  upper 
  

   sandstones 
  repose. 
  

  

  Along 
  the 
  Cumberland 
  coast, 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  St. 
  Bees, 
  

   few 
  indications 
  of 
  rock 
  are 
  seen 
  ; 
  and 
  although 
  red 
  sandstones 
  do 
  

   occasionally 
  occur, 
  they 
  are 
  so 
  covered 
  up 
  with 
  blown 
  sand, 
  and 
  are 
  

   in 
  such 
  small 
  sections, 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  assign 
  to 
  them 
  their 
  

   exact 
  position 
  among 
  the 
  Permian 
  rocks 
  f 
  . 
  

  

  c. 
  Furness 
  area. 
  — 
  When, 
  however, 
  we 
  reach 
  the 
  north-west 
  coast 
  

   of 
  Lancashire, 
  the 
  case 
  is 
  very 
  different. 
  Here, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  

   Eurness 
  district, 
  besides 
  the 
  " 
  Crab 
  rock 
  " 
  (the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  

   Permians), 
  and 
  the 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone 
  of 
  Stank 
  (a 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  

   Middle 
  Permian 
  group), 
  we 
  have 
  abundant 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  

  

  * 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  xviii. 
  p. 
  214. 
  

  

  t 
  Prof. 
  Phillips 
  refers 
  to 
  the 
  Permian 
  age 
  a 
  considerable 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Eed 
  

   Sandstones 
  which 
  adjoin 
  the 
  Lower 
  Palseozoic 
  and 
  granitic 
  rocks 
  about 
  Raven- 
  

   glass 
  and 
  Bootle. 
  (See 
  Geological 
  Map 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  Isles, 
  new 
  edit. 
  1862.) 
  

  

  