﻿1864.] 
  MUECHTS0N 
  AND 
  HAEKNESS 
  PERMIAN. 
  165 
  

  

  of 
  these 
  masses 
  which 
  was 
  recommended 
  by 
  Sir 
  Henry 
  De 
  la 
  Beche 
  

   as 
  the 
  building-stone 
  of 
  the 
  Houses 
  of 
  Parliament; 
  and 
  had 
  his 
  

   advice 
  not 
  been 
  departed 
  from, 
  by 
  resorting 
  to 
  the 
  Anstone 
  quarries 
  

   in 
  Yorkshire, 
  the 
  beautiful 
  freestone 
  of 
  Mansfield 
  would, 
  we 
  are 
  

   persuaded, 
  have 
  been 
  through 
  ages 
  unaffected 
  even 
  in 
  our 
  London 
  

   atmosphere. 
  The 
  sandy 
  varieties 
  of 
  the 
  Magnesian 
  Limestones 
  of 
  

   Nottinghamshire 
  were 
  long 
  ago 
  well 
  described 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Sedgwick, 
  

   and 
  recently 
  their 
  analyses 
  were 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  Memoirs 
  of 
  the 
  Geolo- 
  

   gical 
  Survey, 
  in 
  Mr. 
  Aveline's 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  Quarter-sheets 
  N.E. 
  

   71 
  and 
  S.E. 
  82. 
  

  

  "We 
  may, 
  indeed, 
  adopt 
  the 
  view 
  of 
  synchronizing 
  the 
  red 
  marls 
  

   and 
  sand-beds 
  which 
  overlie 
  the 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone 
  of 
  Notting- 
  

   hamshire 
  with 
  the 
  St. 
  Bees 
  and 
  Corby 
  Sandstones 
  of 
  the 
  north-west 
  ; 
  

   and 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  though 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  Nottinghamshire 
  band 
  

   is 
  small, 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  clearly 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  Geological 
  Maps 
  of 
  

   the 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  of 
  Mansfield 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Aveline, 
  and 
  even 
  there 
  we 
  

   have 
  thus 
  a 
  tripartite 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  group. 
  In 
  Ireland, 
  also, 
  

   it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  Upper 
  Permian 
  is 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  red 
  

   sandstones 
  which 
  at 
  Bhone 
  Hill, 
  near 
  Duncannon, 
  co. 
  Tyrone, 
  

   afford 
  Palceoniscus 
  catoptems 
  (Ag.) 
  ; 
  for 
  these 
  beds 
  have 
  an 
  intimate 
  

   relation 
  in 
  mineral 
  nature 
  to 
  the 
  St. 
  Bees 
  and 
  Corby 
  Sandstones. 
  

  

  However 
  this 
  may 
  be, 
  we 
  simply 
  call 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  on 
  

   the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  England, 
  or 
  Pennine 
  Chain, 
  

   the 
  Permian 
  Group, 
  from 
  its 
  base 
  to 
  its 
  summit, 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  triplex 
  

   conformable 
  series 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  which 
  was 
  long 
  ago 
  described 
  by 
  

   one 
  of 
  us 
  as 
  prevailing 
  over 
  wide 
  tracts 
  of 
  the 
  Continent 
  of 
  Europe. 
  

  

  The 
  establishment 
  of 
  a 
  vast 
  range 
  of 
  Permian 
  rocks 
  in 
  the 
  north- 
  

   west 
  of 
  England 
  is 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  probability 
  that 
  productive 
  

   Carboniferous 
  deposits 
  will 
  at 
  a 
  future 
  day 
  be 
  attained 
  by 
  sinking 
  

   through 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  superjacent 
  Bed 
  Sandstones. 
  Near 
  Barrow- 
  

   mouth, 
  at 
  St. 
  Bees 
  Head, 
  coal 
  has 
  been 
  indeed 
  worked 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  

   under 
  the 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone, 
  the 
  Lower 
  Permian 
  having 
  there 
  

   become 
  very 
  thin 
  ; 
  and 
  we 
  see 
  no 
  reason 
  why 
  coal 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  found, 
  

   though 
  at 
  greater 
  depths, 
  under 
  the 
  Eed 
  Sandstone 
  north-west 
  of 
  the 
  

   village 
  of 
  St. 
  Bees. 
  Again, 
  immediately 
  south 
  of 
  Maryport, 
  where 
  

   the 
  productive 
  coal-measures 
  dip 
  northwards, 
  they 
  are 
  flanked 
  on 
  the 
  

   north 
  by 
  the 
  Upper 
  Permian, 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  the 
  

   powerful 
  fault 
  before 
  alluded 
  to. 
  Now, 
  if 
  the 
  Lower 
  Permian 
  should 
  

   have 
  become 
  thin 
  here, 
  as 
  it 
  has 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  environs 
  of 
  "Whitehaven, 
  

   coal 
  may 
  very 
  well 
  be 
  won 
  by 
  shafts 
  sunk 
  through 
  the 
  Upper 
  Permian 
  

   Sandstones. 
  Lastly, 
  the 
  small 
  but 
  highly 
  productive 
  coal-field 
  of 
  Can- 
  

   noby, 
  lying 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  Pennine 
  fault 
  in 
  its 
  exten- 
  

   sion 
  into 
  Scotland, 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  have 
  its 
  strata 
  dipping 
  southward, 
  or 
  

   directly 
  towards 
  the 
  Corby 
  Sandstones 
  or 
  Upper 
  Permian. 
  We 
  have 
  

   therefore 
  little 
  doubt 
  that, 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  which 
  we 
  will 
  not 
  pretend 
  to 
  

   estimate, 
  the 
  coal-beds 
  of 
  Cannoby, 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  abruptly 
  broken 
  

   off 
  by 
  the 
  great 
  downcast 
  fault 
  extending 
  under 
  the 
  Bed 
  Permian 
  

   Bocks, 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  Sol 
  way 
  Erith, 
  may 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  be 
  viewed 
  as 
  the 
  

   north-eastern 
  limb 
  of 
  the 
  West 
  Cumberland 
  or 
  Whitehaven 
  coal-field. 
  

  

  