﻿210 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  [Mar. 
  9, 
  

  

  me, 
  simple 
  discordances, 
  but 
  with 
  interspaces 
  of 
  conglomerate 
  

   (South 
  America*, 
  Bussiaf). 
  

  

  In 
  England, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  other 
  places, 
  the 
  Permian 
  usually 
  

   graduates 
  into 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  England 
  

   Prof. 
  Sedgwick 
  has 
  observed 
  its 
  lowest 
  beds 
  resting 
  unconformably 
  

   on 
  the 
  Coal. 
  And 
  the 
  same 
  holds 
  good 
  with 
  the 
  Dolomitic 
  Con- 
  

   glomerate 
  of 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Bristol, 
  and 
  also 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  

   the 
  south-eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  South 
  Wales 
  coal-basin. 
  In 
  like 
  

   manner 
  De 
  la 
  Beche 
  i 
  has 
  inferred 
  great 
  disturbances 
  after 
  the 
  

   deposition 
  of 
  the 
  Coal-measures, 
  the 
  effect 
  being 
  to 
  place 
  the 
  va- 
  

   rious 
  Permian 
  beds 
  unconformably 
  in 
  places 
  on 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  

   rocks. 
  

  

  Sir 
  E.I. 
  Murchison 
  § 
  met 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  facts 
  in 
  Russia 
  over 
  great 
  

   regions 
  (Oural), 
  though 
  elsewhere, 
  in 
  that 
  country, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  dis- 
  

   tinct 
  transition 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  formations 
  in 
  question. 
  

  

  The 
  Permian 
  of 
  Kansas 
  ||, 
  in 
  North 
  America, 
  is 
  superposed 
  con- 
  

   formably 
  on 
  Carboniferous 
  shales, 
  clays, 
  and 
  limestones, 
  with 
  

   intermixture 
  of 
  their 
  organic 
  remains 
  ; 
  but 
  that 
  of 
  Illinois 
  (North 
  

   America) 
  is 
  reported 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Worthen 
  ^[, 
  the 
  Government 
  Geologist 
  

   of 
  that 
  State, 
  to 
  lie 
  unconformably 
  on 
  Carboniferous 
  rocks 
  in 
  a 
  highly 
  

   disturbed 
  country. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  David 
  Forbes 
  **, 
  in 
  his 
  paper 
  on 
  South 
  American 
  geology, 
  

   found 
  the 
  Permian 
  among 
  the 
  vast 
  sedimentary 
  accumulations 
  of 
  that 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  world 
  ; 
  it 
  lies 
  in 
  discordance 
  as 
  regards 
  the 
  Devonian 
  

   at 
  Coniri 
  in 
  Bolivia, 
  where 
  the 
  red 
  conglomerates, 
  the 
  lowest 
  of 
  the 
  

   series, 
  abut 
  against 
  the 
  nearly 
  vertical 
  Devonian 
  shales. 
  

  

  7. 
  With 
  a 
  Carboniferous 
  Roof. 
  — 
  It 
  will 
  probably 
  be 
  seen, 
  in 
  a 
  

   later 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  paper, 
  that 
  unusually 
  large 
  expanses 
  of 
  emerged 
  

   land 
  existed 
  in 
  several 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  world 
  during 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  

   period. 
  

  

  As 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  preceding 
  strata, 
  the 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   Carboniferous 
  deposits 
  vary 
  greatly 
  with 
  the 
  locality. 
  This 
  applies, 
  

   according 
  to 
  Logan, 
  Dawson, 
  and 
  Lesley 
  ff, 
  particularly 
  to 
  Nova 
  

   Scotia. 
  They 
  are 
  here 
  very 
  minute 
  and 
  almost 
  endless. 
  In 
  Mis- 
  

   souri, 
  Prof. 
  Swallow 
  has 
  divided 
  the 
  whole 
  coal-field 
  of 
  that 
  State 
  

   into 
  seventy-five 
  parts, 
  from 
  mineralogical 
  and 
  other 
  reasons. 
  All 
  

   these 
  parts 
  vary 
  in 
  thickness, 
  and 
  the 
  several 
  coal-beds 
  cannot 
  be 
  

   identified 
  except 
  by 
  their 
  position 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  hydraulic 
  

   limestone 
  (No. 
  66). 
  The 
  coal-beds 
  (Nos. 
  62 
  and 
  64) 
  are 
  wanting 
  

   in 
  many 
  places 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  Marion 
  County 
  all 
  the 
  strata 
  below 
  No. 
  60 
  

   have 
  disappeared 
  i$. 
  The 
  intervals 
  of 
  non-deposit 
  below 
  coals 
  are 
  

   of 
  various 
  extent 
  ; 
  and 
  they 
  commence 
  at 
  various 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  

   epoch. 
  In 
  England 
  and 
  in 
  Western 
  Europe, 
  according 
  to 
  Murchi- 
  

  

  * 
  E. 
  Forbes, 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  ix. 
  p. 
  lxx. 
  

   f 
  Ibid. 
  vol. 
  v. 
  p. 
  li. 
  | 
  Travels 
  in 
  South 
  America, 
  vol. 
  iii. 
  p. 
  60. 
  

  

  § 
  Geol. 
  of 
  Russia, 
  vol. 
  i. 
  p. 
  146. 
  

  

  || 
  Meek 
  and 
  Hayden, 
  Proc. 
  Acad. 
  Nat. 
  Sciences 
  Philadelphia, 
  1859. 
  

   ^[ 
  Meeting 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  Association 
  for 
  the 
  Advancement 
  of 
  Science, 
  Bal- 
  

   timore, 
  1855? 
  ** 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  xvii. 
  p. 
  38. 
  

   tt 
  Lesley, 
  American 
  Journal 
  of 
  Science, 
  2nd 
  series, 
  vol. 
  xxxvi. 
  p. 
  183. 
  

   XX 
  Swallow, 
  « 
  Geol. 
  Rep. 
  of 
  Missouri,' 
  1855, 
  p. 
  86. 
  

  

  